Page 21 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_PUNJABI

fJekJh^2L ftfdne seBhe dhnK gj[zuK

(3) gqDkbh ftPb/PD iK ftfdne seBheh fsZik. B'N

(1) em'o fPbg gj[zu iK ftfdne seBheh gfjbk (Hardware Approach or Educational
Technology I) ^ em'o fPbg gj[zu d/ nzsors f;ybkJh^;jkfJe^;wZroh s/ ftP/P i'o fdZsk
iKdk j?. fJj gj[zu ftfdne ftfrnkB ns/ fJzihfBnfozr d/ f;XKsK ns/ fttjkoK s/ nXkfos j?.
fJ; gj[zu dk iBw G"fse ftfrnkB ns/ nfG:zsoD seBheh (Physical Sciences and
Engineering Technology) s'A j'fJnk j?. finkdkso b'eK dk ftPtk; j? fe wPhB dh seBheh
Bkb ftfdne seBheh i[Vh j'Jh j?. id'A sZe f;ybkJh d/ y/so ftZu N/gfoekovo, NhHthH,
gq'i/eNo fij/ T[geoD BjhA j'Dr/ T[; ;w/A sZe f;Zfynk nX{oh jh oj/rh. em'o fPbg gj[zu fJBQK
T[geoDK d/ io{oh T[g:'r dh XkoDk B{z pbPkbh pDkT[Adk j?. v/thi B/ th ;theko ehsk j? fe
em'o fPbg gj[zu f;ybkJh gqfefonk dk eow nB[;ko wPhBheoD eoe/, f;Zfynk d/ d[nkok xZN
you ns/ xZN ;w/A ftZu finkdk ftfdnkoEhnK B{z f;Zfyns eoB dk gfonk; uZb fojk j?.
w?fobw fBe;B (1971) B/ th f;ybkJh seBheh B{z eJh y/soK Bkb ;zpzXs wzfBnk j? ns/ fejk j?
fe fJ; dk ekoi ftnesh ns/ ;wki dh ftfdne io{osK dh ;zs[PNh eoBk j?. v/ftvn
(1971) d/ nB[;ko fJj seBheh, f;ybkJh ns/ f;ybkJh d/ bJh pj[s io{oh j?. f;btow?B B/
fJ; bJh fJ; B{z f;Zfynk ftZu seBheh d/ Bkw Bkb ;zp'XB ehsk j?.

fJ; o{g d/ c;bo{g gZsokuko gkmeow ns/ w[es ftPftfdnkb/ (Correspondence
Education and Open University System) dk iBw j'fJnk. P'X ekoiK ftZu gqgZsoK d/
;zebB ftPb/PheoD nkfd d/ bJh ezfgT{No ns/ wPhBK dk T[g:'r th fJ;h o{g B{z wjZst fdZsk
j?. f;btow?B (Silverman, 1968) B/ fJ; B{z fJZe j'o BtK Bkw ;kg/y seBheh (Relative
Technology) fdZsk j?. vkH o{j/b d/ PpdK ftZu, "This part of Education Technology
refers to tools and hardwares such as teaching machines, T.V., tape recorders etc.
which are used in instructions. n;b ftZu f;ybkJh ns/ f;Zfynk d/ y/so ftZu wPhBK ns/
em'o fPbg o{gK dh u'D ns/ gq:'r eoBk jh ftfdne seBheh gfjbk iK Hardware Approach
Educational Technology-I ejkT[Adh j?.

em'o fPbg o{g dk ;G s'A gfjbK J/HJ/H b[w;v/B (A.A. Lumsdeine) B/ toDB ehsk ;h. fJ;
o{g B{z Pqt^fdqP ;wZroh th fejk iKdk j?. fJ; ftZu wPhBK dh seBheh s/ i'o j?. fJ; dk
ftPtk; j? fe wPhB fBod/PB (Instruction) dk ekoi eodh j? ns/ fJ; dk ;zpzX fBod/PB d/
frnkBkswe gZy Bkb j[zdk j?. fJj o{g fBwB nzfes fszB rZbK s/ ftP/P pb fdzdk j?^

(i) frnkB dk ;zuB eoBk (Preservation)
(ii) frnkB dk gq;koD eoBk (Transmission)

(iii) frnkB dk ft;sko eoBk (Advancement)

B'N; jkovt/no (em'o fPbg) d/ nzsors u'ep'ov, o/fvU Utoj?v gq'i/eNo, ;bkJhv
gq'i/eNo, thH;hHnko, NhHthH ns/ w'BhNo, ezfgT{No, e?be{b/No, ezfgT{No gfozfNzr
wPhB, nkfvU s/ fti{nb foekovo nkfd B{z oZfynk ik ;edk j?.

vkH e[wko ns/ uzdo d/ PpdK ftZu^
"It is important to note that these mechanical devices were not safety designed and
invented to fulfil the instructional requirement. Rather, they were designed for
communication, information & recreation etc. But now, we are using them in
education and training system to achieve the educational objectives of our nation."

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 15