Page 197 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl

uksV Hkh ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ vUrxZr jgs gSaA dksBkjh deh'ku us f'k{kk dh uohu lajpuk esa ns'k esa ,d:irk cuk;s j[kus
ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k gSA blhfy;s ekè;fed Lrj dks mlus nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k gSμ(1) yksvj lsosQ.Mjh Lrj]
buesa 8&9 ;k 9&10 d{kk gSaA (2) gk;j Lrj] blesa 11&12 d{kk gSaA
iz'u ;g gS fd ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx us rks b.VjehfM,V iz.kkyh dks lekIr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA dbZ
jkT;ksa us gk;j&lsosQ.Mjh iz.kkyh dks lekIr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA dbZ jkT;ksa us gk;j&lssosQ.Mjh iz.kkyh
viukbZA tks jkT; b.VjehfM,V ijh{kkvksa dk lapkyu djrs jgs] os ets esa jgs D;ksafd ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx
dk ;g <k¡pk gh <g x;kA ;|fi ckr bruh vo'; gqbZ fd dksBkjh deh'ku us b.VjehfM,V uke u viukdj
gk;j&lsosQ.Mjh uke gh j[kkA
la{ksi esa ge izpfyr rFkk izLrkfor ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ :i dks bl izdkj izLrqr dj ldrs gSaμ

fo|eku :i izLrkfor :i
1- gkbZ LowQy 1- lsosQ.Mjh
1- d{kk 11 ;k ih-;w-lh- d{kk 8 ls 12 ;k 11&12

2- twfu;j dkWyst (osQjy) (d) fuEu ekè;fed f'k{kk
3- b.VjehfM,V dkWyst (m-iz- ,oa cEcbZ) d{kk 8&10
4- izh&izksisQ'kuy] izh&esfMdy ;k d{kk 11&12
izh&bUthfu;¯jx ([k) mPprj ekè;fed f'k{kk
d{kk 9&11

okLrfodrk ;g gS fd vkt ns'k Hkj esa f'k{kk laxBu dks ,d:irk iznku dh tk;s] ftlls jk"Vªh; ,drk rFkk
lekt dh ,drk dk fuekZ.k gksA buesa lekt lsok rFkk jk"Vª lsok osQ dk;ZØe gksa ftuesa ckyd osQ vusd izdkj
dh ln~Hkkoukvksa dk fodkl gks ldrk gSA vkt iwjs ns'k esa 10 $ 2 f'k{kk ;kstuk vkjEHk dh tkrh gSA

3- 10 $ 2 $ 3 f'k{kk ;kstuk
f'k{kk vk;ksx (1964&66) us viuh lok±xh.k f'k{kk fnXn£'kdk osQ vUrxZr ftl vk/kjHkwr rF; dks Lohdkj fd;k
gSμog gS lEiw.kZ ns'k esa ,d leku f'k{kk iz.kkyhA fofo/rkvksa osQ bl ns'k esa f'k{kk fofo/rk dh izfØ;k esa izokfgr
gksrh gS vkSj ;g dguk dfBu gks x;k gS fd fdl izns'k dh f'k{kk dk Lrj m¡Qpk gS vFkok uhpk gSA
uohu 'kSf{kd lajpuk vFkkZr~ 10 $ 2 $ 3 f'k{kk iz.kkyh dh vuqxw¡t gks jgh gSA osQUnzh; fo|ky;ksa esa bl iz.kkyh
dks vk/kj ekudj iz;ksx Hkh fd;s x;sA liQyrk osQ ekun.Mksa dk fu/kZj.k fd;k x;kA ijUrq ns[kus esa ;g vk;k fd
lEiw.kZ ns'k esa leku ikB~;p;kZ dks ysdj pyus okys ;s osQUnzh; fo|ky; leku f'k{kk iz.kkyh dh eafty dks ryk'k
ugha dj ik jgs gSaA Lo;a bl iz.kkyh ls lac¼ Jh jtuh oqQekj dk dFku gSμ¶tc geus lSdM+ksa xzh"edkyhu
ikB~;Øe vk/qfud xf.kr rFkk foKku esa f'k{kdksa dks vksfj;sUVsM djus osQ fy;s iz.kkyh dk fuekZ.k fd,] D;k ge
lekt dh xfr'khy 'kfDr;ksa dks le>us osQ fy;s lkekftd n'kZu dks ikB~;Øe lapkfyr ugha dj ldrs Fks_ ;gh
vk/kj Fkk lkekftd rFkk vk£Fkd lajpuk esa ifjorZu dkA¸ f'k{kk osQ bl fo'kky vk/kj dh mis{kk ugha dh tk
ldrh FkhA

10 $ 2 $ 3 iz.kkyh osQ cht lu~ 1882 osQ gUVj deh'ku osQ izfrosnu esa ik;s tkrs gSaA gUVj deh'ku us dgk
Fkk] ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ fu/kZfjr Lrj osQ ckn f'k{kk dk izokg nks Lrj esa foHkDr gks tkuk pkfg;sA ,d] tks
fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk osQ fy;s izos'k }kj gks vkSj nwljk] tks turk dks vf/d O;kogkfjd] O;kolkf;d ;k
vlkfgfR;d f'k{kk osQ {ks=k dh vksj mUeq[k gksA nqHkkZX; Fkk ns'k dkμljdkj vkSj turk_ nksuksa gh bl ijke'kZ
dks ipk u ik;sA

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