Page 236 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

bdkbZ—24% vè;kid f'k{kk osQ izdkj

3- mRikn ekun.M (Product criteria)μ;g ekun.M ifj.kke dks bafxr djrk gS tksfd f'k{k.k osQ iQyLo:i uksV
Nk=kksa osQ ijh{kkiQy] Nk=kksa osQ fopkj] f'k{kd ,oa Nk=kksa osQ chp vUr%fozQ;k osQ :i esa iQyhHkwr gksrk gSA f'k{kd
bu izfrekuksa esa crk;s x;s fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj dk;Z djus esa l{ke gksrk gSA
Nk=k&f'k{k.k dk vFkZ (Meaning of Student-Teaching)

1- 'kkfCnd vFkZμ;g ¶Nk=k&f'k{k.k¸ 'kCn nks 'kCnksa osQ esy ls cuk gS] Nk=k rFkk f'k{k.kA Nk=k dk vFkZ gksrk
gS] fd og O;fDr ftlesaμcqf¼] O;fDrRo izo.krk] ;ksX;rk lHkh {kerk;sa gSa vkSj mls lewg esa f'kf{kr ;k
izf'kf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA f'k{k.k esa ,slh fozQ;k;sa dh tkrh gSa ftuls Nk=kksa osQ O;ogkj esa visf{kr ifjorZu
yk;k tkrk gSA blosQ vUrxZr Nk=k ,oa f'k{kd nksuksa dh fozQ;k;sa ,oa izfrfØ;k;sa vkrh gSaA igys f'k{kd dks
mins'k nsus dh izfØ;k vFkok ewY;ksa ,oa vfHko`fÙk;ksa dk fodkl djuk le>k tkrk FkkA vkt f'k{k.k dks
izHkkoh funsZ'ku dh fozQ;k ekuk tkrk gS ftlesa lqfu;ksftr ,oa fuf'pr mís';ksa dks izkIr djus dk iz;kl
fd;k tkrk gSA f'k{kd osQ mís';ksa dk Nk=kksa osQ O;ogkj esa ifjorZu osQ :i esa izkIr dh tkrh gSA
2- Nk=k&f'k{k.k dk rkfoZQd vFkZμ ,d Nk=k dks izf'kf{kr djosQ izHkko'kkyh f'k{kd cukus osQ fy;s mlosQ
fufgr xq.kksa ,oa dkS'ky dk fodkl djuk gksrk gSA f'k{kd tUetkr gksrs gSa] ijUrq mUgsa fodflr djus rFkk
izHkko'kkyh f'k{kd cukus osQ fy;s leqfpr okrkoj.k ,oa ifjfLFkfr;k¡ nsuh gksrh gSaA
3- f'k{k.k vH;klμNk=k&f'k{k.k osQ lkFk vf/xe ij Hkh cy fn;k tkrk gS tcfd f'k{k.k vH;kl
(Teaching Practice) osQ vUrxZr f'k{k.k dh fØ;kvksa dks gh egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA Nk=k&f'k{k.k esa Nk=k
dh {kerkvksa osQ fodkl dks izkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA vH;kl&f'k{k.k esa ewY;kadu dks egÙo fn;k tkrk
gSA izHkko'kkyh vè;kid cukus osQ fy;s O;fDr dh {kerkvksa vkSj ;ksX;rkvksa dh tkudkjh ,oa fodkl dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA
4- Nk=k&f'k{k.k dk ifjorZu'khy izR;;μle; osQ ifjorZu osQ lkFk ^Nk=k&f'k{k.k* osQ izR;; dk vFkZ Hkh
ifjorZu'khy gSA Hkkoh f'k{kdksa dks vU; ikB~;ozQe osQ fo"k;ksa ls i`Fkd le>uk pkfg,A f'k{k.k esa Nk=k
vkSipkfjd d{kkvksa esa izopu] iz;ksx'kkyk ;k i<+us dh fozQ;kvksa dks djrk gS] ftuesa ikB~;&iqLrdkas] o
x`gdk;ks± }kjk og viuh Lej.k 'kfDr ls iqjko`fÙk djrk gSA vkt osQ ifjos'k esa Nk=k&f'k{k.k esa ikB&fu;kstu
vf/xe lgk;d lkexzh dks iz;qDr djosQ ikB dks i<+kuk] iz;ksx djkuk 'kkfey gS ftlesa og lquuk]
izLrqrhdj.k] okn&fookn osQ vk;kstu vkSj Nk=kksa dh fu"ifÙk osQ ewY;kadu gsrq ijh{k.k iz'u rS;kj djrk gSA
5- vk/qfud ^Nk=k&f'k{k.k* izR;;μNk=k&f'k{k.k osQ dk;ZozQe dk izk:i] Nk=kkè;kid osQ fy;s f'k{k.k&vf/xe
dh ewyHkwr fozQ;kvksa dks le>uk] xzg.k djuk rFkk mudk iz;ksx djuk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr mls okLrfod
f'k{k.k leL;kvksa dks le>uk rFkk Nk=kksa dks funsZ'ku nsuk gSA Nk=k&f'k{k.k esa f'k{k.k&dkS'kyksa dk LokfeRo
izkIr djuk gksrk gSA
Nk=kkè;kid&f'k{k.k dh pqukSfr;ksa dks ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k ls le>us ,oa gy djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA buosQ
lekèkku osQ fy;s og miyC/ izfof/;ksa dk iz;ksx djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA Nk=k&f'k{kk osQ varxZr lHkh
fozQ;kvksa&f'k{k.k&dkS'ky] f'k{k.k&leL;kvksa] funsZ'ku vkfn dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA Nk=k&f'k{k.k esa Nk=kkè;kid
i;Zos{k.k ls oqQN vis{kk djus osQ ctk; Lo;a bu fozQ;kvksa dk fu;kstu ,oa lEiknu djrk gSA og d{kk&f'k{k.k
dh leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku osQ fy;s fozQ;kRed vuqla/ku dk iz;ksx djrk gS vkSj leL;k dk oSKkfud lek/ku
fudkyrk gSA

f'k{k.k ,d lkekftd izR;; gS tks 'kklu iz.kkyh rFkk lkekftd n'kZu ls izHkkfor gksrk
gSA Hkkjrh; ifjos'k esa f'k{k.k dks ,d vUr%izfØ;k ekuk tkrk gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 229