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bdkbZμ4% Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ Hkkjr esa f'k{kk

(iii) ns'k osQ ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa vè;kidksa osQ pquko ,oa fu;qfDr dh fof/ leku gksuh pkfg,A uksV
(iv) vè;kidksa dks fofHkUu lqfo/k,¡ iznku dh tkuh pkfg,aμmuosQ cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd f'k{kk] muosQ fy,
fo|ky;ksa osQ lehi fuokl&LFkku] mudks LokLF;o¼Zd LFkkuksa o f'k{kk osQ lEesyuksa esa tkus osQ fy, vodk'k
,oa ;k=kk osQ fdjk;s esa deh vkSj fpfdRlky;ksa esa eqÝr fpfdRlkA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks)μ
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1. ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx dh fu;qfDr dks dh xbZA
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2. ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx osQ vè;{k FksA
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3. dksBkjh vk;ksx dh fu;qfDr dks dh xbZA
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4. dksBkjh vk;ksx osQ vè;{k FksA
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5. ekè;fed f'k{kk vk;ksx us f'k{kk lajpuk dk lq>ko fn;kA

4-3 lkjka'k (Summary)

• Hkkjr ljdkj us 23 flrEcj] lu~ 1952 dks enzkl&fo'ofo|ky; osQ mioqQyifr MkW- ,- y{e.kLokeh
eqnkfy;j dh vè;{krk esa ¶ekè;fed&f'k{kk vk;ksx¸ dh fu;qfDr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA vè;{k osQ uke ij
bl ¶vk;ksx¸ dks ¶eqnkfy;j deh'ku¸ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
• ¶vk;ksx¸ osQ 'kCnksa esa vk;ksx osQ tk¡p osQ fo"k; Fksμ¶Hkkjr dh rRdkyhu ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ lc i{kksa
dh tk¡p djuk ,oa muosQ fo"k; esa fjiksVZ nsuk vkSj mlosQ iquxZBu ,oa lq/kj osQ lEcU/ esa lq>ko izLrqr
djukA¸
• ¶vk;ksx¸ osQ vuqlkj] ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ izeq[k nks"k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(i) ekè;fed f'k{kk ,di{kh; gSA vr% ;g Nk=kksa dks osQoy mPp f'k{kk osQ fy, rS;kj djrh gSA

(ii) ekè;fed f'k{kk uhjl] iqLrdh;] laoqQfpr ,oa :f<+c¼ gSA vr% ;g Nk=kksa osQ O;fDrRo dk iw.kZ
fodkl ugha djrh gSA
(iii) ekè;fed f'k{kk Nk=kksa eas uSfrdrk] lg;ksx] vuq'kklu ,oa usr`Ro osQ xq.kksa dk fodkl ugha djrh
gSA vr% ;g mudks mÙke ukxfjd ugha cukrh gSA
(iv) ekè;fed f'k{kk dk ikB~;Øe ladh.kZ gS vr% ;g Nk=kksa dks viuh #fp;ksa vkSj eukso`fÙk;ksa osQ vuqlkj
fo"k;ksa dk p;u djus dk volj ugha nsrh gSA
(v) ekè;fed f'k{kk Nk=kksa osQ pfj=k&fuekZ.k osQ izfr japek=k Hkh è;ku ugha nsrh gSA vr% ;g muesa
vuq'kklughurk dh Hkkouk mRiUu djrh gSA
• ¶vk;ksx¸ us Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd] lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd vko';drkvksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj ekè;fed

f'k{kk osQ fuEufyf[kr mís'; fu/kZfjr fd;s gSaμ
(i) ekè;fed f'k{kk dk igyk mís'; Nk=kksa eas O;kolkf;d oqQ'kyrk dh mUufr djuk gksuk pkfg,A vr%
ekè;fed f'k{kk esa vkS|ksfxd ,oa O;kolkf;d fo"k;ksa dks LFkku fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA bu fo"k;ksa dh
f'k{kk ls Nk=kksa vkSj ns'k nksuksa dk fgr gksxkA
(ii) ekè;fed f'k{kk dk nwljk mís'; Nk=kksa esa usr`Ro xzg.k djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk gksuk pkfg,A
(iii) ekè;fed f'k{kk dk rhljk mís'; Nk=kksa esa turU=kh; ukxfjdrk dk fodkl djuk gksuk pkfg;sA vr%
ekè;fed f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk bl izdkj dh tkuh pkfg;s] ftlls Nk=kksa esa vuq'kklu] ns'k&izse
lg;ksx] lfg".kqrk] Li"V fopkj vkfn xq.kksa dk fodkl gksA

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