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bdkbZ—25% ,dy vè;;u
tks vè;kid dh vfrfjDr fØ;kvksa ls lEcfU/r Fkha fd vè;;u dkVZj o osiYl osQ funsZ'ku esa gqbZ mu gtkjksa uksV
vè;kidksa dh mu fØ;kvksa dk fo'ys"k.k izLrqr djrh gSA
(4) fo"k; oLrq ;k vfHkys[k fo'ys"k.k (Content Analysis)μikB~;oLrq fo'ys"k.k dks dHkh&dHkh fo'ys"k.k
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g orZeku izek.k ;k ys[k osQ vkadM+ksa osQ Ïksr gSaμfoHkkxh; izek.k o o`Ùkkar] Nis gq, iQkeZ]
ikB~;&iqLrosaQ] lUnHkZ iqLrd] i=k vkRe&dFkk] Mk;jh] rLohjsa fiQYesa ;g dkVwZu bR;kfnA ysfdu fyf[kr izek.k Ïksrksa
dk iz;ksx djrs le; bu rF;ksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk vko';d gS fd Nis gq, vkadM+ksa dk fo'oluh; gksuk vko';d
ugha gSA fyf[kr&izek.kksa dk ewY;kadu tks O;k[;kRed vuqlU/ku esa iz;qDr gq, gSaA vkykspuk mlh izdkj dh gksuh
pkfg, tksfd ys[kdksa }kjk iz;qDr gq, gSaA
;g fo"k;&oLrq ;k ys[k izek.k fo'ys"k.k dk vuqlU/ku esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA fdlh vè;;u osQ {ks=k esa egRoiw.kZ
Kku dk ;ksxnku vFkok lkekftd o 'kSf{kd ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lq/kj o ewY;kadu osQ lUnHkZ esa lwpuk,a izkIr djus
esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA
(5) vuqxkeh dk;ZØe (Follow-up Programme)μvuqxkeh vè;;u mu O;fDr;ksa osQ fo"k; esa vè;;u djrh
gS tks fo|ky; esa gS vFkok viuk vè;;u iw.kZ djus osQ ckn fo|ky; NksM+ pqosQ gSa] muosQ ikB~;Øeksa dh liQyrk
osQ fo"k; esa tkuus dk iz;kl djrh gS fd mu ikB~;Øeksa dk mu ij D;k izHkko gS\ muosQ Lrj bl izdkj osQ vè;;u
ls fdlh laLFkk dh {kerk dk vuqeku mlosQ okLrfod ifj.kkeksa osQ izpkj esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fMyu] lhxksa] VjeSu vkSj vksMu] gkueSu o osLV us bl izdkj osQ vuqxkeh lsokvksa dk vè;;u fd;k gSA
(6) vè;;uksa dh izo`fÙk (Trends of Studies)μO;k[;k fof/ dk ;g ,d jkspd iz;ksx gSA laf{kIr esa ;g
izkekf.kd vk¡dM+ksa osQ dkykuqØfed fu/kZj.k ij vk/kfjr gSA ;g laosQr djrs gq, fd vrhr esa D;k gks jgk Fkk\
rFkk orZeku ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fdl vksj bafxr djrh gS\ vkSj bu vkadM+ksa ls vkxs dk Hkfo"; D;k gksxk\
izo`fÙk vè;;u osQ fodkl dk mnkgj.k (An Economic Portrait of Indian in 1970) esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl
izdkj dk vè;;u fdlh Hkh {ks=k ls lEcfU/r egRoiw.kZ vk¡dM+s rS;kj djrh gSA
;g izo`fÙk dkystksa osQ vf/dkfj;ksa osQ fy, vf/d egRoiw.kZ rFkk mi;ksxh gS] tksfd fo|ky; esa Hkou o lkexzh
miyC/ djkus vè;kidksa ;k foÙkh; lgk;rk miyC/ djkus rFkk fo|ky; esa vfxze mPp f'k{kk osQ foLrkj osQ fy,
vko';d gSaA mPp f'k{kk laLFkku esa cksMZ us ;g Hkfo";ok.kh dh fd vkus okys le; esa fo'ofo|ky; o egkfo|ky;ksa
esa ;qodksa dh HkhM+ c<+ tk;sxhA
mÙke ,dy vè;;u fof/ dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of a Good Case Study)
bdkbZ vè;;u osQ lUrks"ktud ifj.kkeksa osQ fy, lrr~] iznÙkksa dk iw.kZ gksuk] oS/ gksuk o fo'oluh; p;u vkSj
oSKkfud laxBu gksuk vR;Ur vko';d gSA
(1) fujUrjrk (Continuity)μfdUgha nks Øec¼ fd, x, euksoSKkfud liQy ijh{k.kksa ls lEcfU/r lwpukvksa
osQ chp lrr~ fdlh ,sfPNd vUrjky esa yh xbZ gks vkSj fdlh izkekf.kd izkFkfed fo|ky; osQ Lrj dk
izek.k gkbZ&LowQy osQ lUnHkZ esa fy;k x;k gksA
(2) iznÙkksa dh iw.kZrk (Completeness of Data)μvk¡dM+ksa osQ izHkkoh foLrkj mlosQ ^vk/kj* esa lEefyr gSaA
y{k.kksa ls ijh{k.k] ifj.kke] (euksHkkSfrdh] LoLFk 'kSf{kd ekufldrk) vkSj bfrgkl LokLF;] fo|ky;]
ifjokj] ijA
(3) iznÙkksa dh oS/rk (Validity of Data)μ,d lansgkLin tUe frfFk dh lR;rk dh tkap C;wjks vkWiQ
ckbVy LVsfVfLVDl vkSj O;olk; lEcU/h izek.kksa }kjk fu;qfDr djus okyksa osQ lUnHkZ esa tkudkjh izkIr
dh tk ldrh gSA
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