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Educational Management

Notes the optimum use of scares resources.” Hence it implies three important stages-taking of decision,
working for predetermined objectives, and the fulfillment making optimum use of the resource
available both physical and human.
Planning and evaluation are linked together in two ways. One is that planning itself is an
educational process and second is that the fruits of planning can yield results only when the
people are educated to make full use of the increased means of production and understand the
objectives of planning and try consciously to achieve them. In the field of education, planning is
needed in teaching, in organization, in administration in business etc. It helps in systematizing,
in administration in business etc. It helps in systematizing the work and fixing up aims and
objectives of planning. “Each institution will have to learn to plan development on its own line
within the broad framework of National Policy on Education.”
To create a planning atmosphere in each institution the Indian Education Commission (1964-66)
has recommended institutional planning for this purpose. Each institution should have its own
long-term and short-term purpose. Thus plans can be initiated, formulated and implemented by
individual educational institution throughout the country.

3.1 Meaning of Management of an Institution

When a plan is prepared by a particular institution on the basis of its own development and
improvement, we call it institutional plan. Some eminent authorities have defined institutional
planning in the following way.
A programme of development and improvement prepared by an educational institution on the
basis of its felt needs and the resources available or are likely to be available, with a view to improving
the school programme and school practices constitute a plan for an institution. The plan may be for
a longer duration or a shorter duration. —W.M. Buch
If education does not bring in always something which is new, it is not different form traditions. I
think the whole notion of institutional planning is based on this idea that at every stage right from
the school to the topmost level in the field of education constant effort has to be made in order that
we don’t have new ideas for the sake of new ideas but in order that we can do a better job with
whatever resources we have at our command. —Dr. Shib K. Mitra
Institutional planning is a milestone in the journey towards the improvement of education. The
teacher is the kingpin in any educational effort. It is for the first time that the teaching community
is being asked to act as the planner and executor of educational improvement. —E. W. Franklin

3.2 Characteristics of Institutional Plan
It is a fact of experience that no two schools can be identical in their needs and requirements.
Hence every schoo will have to prepare an institutional plan for itself independently. An ideal
school plan will have the following characteristics.
1. It should be need based. It should be prepared according to the needs of the institution and
not on the basis of grants sanctioned.
2. It should aim at the maximum use of the available human and material resources.
3. It should be a ‘plan of work’ and not a charter of demands. In other words, it must aim at
utilizing what is available and not demanding what is not available and/or is available to more
fortunate schools.
4. It should limit itself to the total improvement of the school and should not suggest work for the
district educational authorities or demand funds from the directorate of education for its
implementation.

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