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Educational Management

Notes (v) Controlling involves both ____________ and ____________.
(vi) ____________ helps to secure public interest and cooperation.
(vii) The ____________ is related to the reaction of persons to each other and to the activity.

2.7 Summary

• Management is a collection of processes, including such things as decision-making, problem-
solving and action-planning. These processes involve the management of resources including
human, material, financial and time. These processes are also known as the functions of
managers.
• Planning is a method of approaching problems and as the later change and differ from time to
time and situation to situation, planning should be continuous, dynamic and flexible. Their
success depends upon other individuals understanding and willingness to cooperate,
• Planning is useful because it clarifies what is to be accomplished. It sayes time, effort and
money and increases efficiency and effectiveness.
• Basic principles of good planning :
(i) It should be related to an integrated with, the broad social planning for progress.
(ii) It should be based on extensive research to save it from subjectivity and conjectures.
(iii) It should look both to the present and the future.
• He has described the four major activities which he performs in four steps : Step I-Planning, Step
II-Organizing, Step III-Leading, and Step IV-Controlling or Evaluating.
• These steps include the following activities :
(i) Analysis of the whole system.
(ii) Task analysis.
(iii) Entering behaviours the learner.
(iv) Specification of knowledge, skills and attitudes of the students.
(v) Identifying the students-needs.
(vi) Formulation of learning objectives.
(vii) Organizing learning resources.
(viii) Selecting appropriate teaching strategies.
(ix) Encouraging and motivating students-activities.
(x) Evaluation of teaching system.
(xi) Learning and teaching system.
(xii) Observing the learning system
(xiii) Modification in teaching-learning system.
(xiv) Planning for the criterion test, and
(xv) Construction of criterion test.
• First Step : Planning : Before going to the classroom, teachers analyse the content or topic into
its elements which are arranged in logical sequence. He formulates his teaching objectives in
behavioural terms. He selects the appropriate teaching strategies.
• Second Step : Organizing : This is the second step of managing teaching learning process. The
learning sources and organized by the teacher so that he can achieve the objectives successfully.
The effective and economical resources are used. In this step learning environment and learning
structures are generated by the teacher for realizing the learning objectives.
• Third Step : Leading : The teacher’s task is to motivate the students-activities, In managing
teaching-learning process, the teacher encourages and praises the students-activities and
behaviours so that they can learn by being active and learning objectives can be achieved.

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