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Unit 2: Process of Educational Management

in the pursuit, the tool for attaining the objectives. Persons, places and things have to the so arranged Notes
that effort flows freely towards the desired goals, and this is the process of organising. As a process,
organising means directing and controlling the relationships between persons and persons and
between persons and their work.
Organisation can be of two types :
(1) The Formal Organisation : It is established by law and custom and the informal is the man-to-
man relationship. The formal is concerned with positions, the informal with persons. Both
these are important and inter-related. All individuals in the formal organization have their
parallel roles is the informal.
(2) The Informal Organization : It is the human factor and related to the reaction of persons to
each other and to the activity.
A good establishes both formal and informal organisations. He should set up the formal in
keeping with the requirements of the task and also develop informal to reinforce efforts and
activities. A good organisation should be democratic, i.e., based on personal relationships, willing
cooperation and active participation of all the persons involved. If power and control are not
concentrated at the top but shared by all through actual participation. People are brought nearer
together and effort intergrated. In a good organisation, impetus and initiative for action come
from the people themselves, and not imposed from above.
Basic Principles of Organization
The basic principle of good organisation :
1. It should not be static; organisation needs continuous reorganisation.
2. It should be flexible so as to improve both relationships and standards of efficiency.
3. It should be modified as and when educational theory advances, bringing in curricular and
other changes. New challenges cannot be met with old machinery. But changes should be
brought about slowly and with consultation and consent.
4. It should provide for participation in policy-making and other administrative activities by
teachers, students, parents and community. Participation broadens and strengthens human
relationships.
5. Organisational charts detailing “functions, jurisdictions, responsibilities, relationships, limits
of authority, objectives and methods of measuring performance, etc.,” promote better
understanding and larger output.
Operating Functions
It means executing or working out the plans in concrete and practical terms. In discharging this
function, administration has to perform, besides others, three important tasks or responsibilities.

2.4 Directing
In the narrow or specific-sense, direction is only a part of the activity. It begins with the start of the
act, indicates what is to be done and ends when the activity is over. In the broad general sense,
direction means the responsibility for running a number of activities as a whole, in order to achieve
certain result.
Direction depends on several factors, such as the prevalent circumstances, staff, equipment, finances,
etc., as well as the knowledge and skill of the administrator. It needs coordination of all these
factors. It may be that, in a particular situation, the administrator may want one thing, the public
may want another, the staff may not be well-trained for either, and the resources may be inadequate
for both. Lack of coordination may results in poor administration. Good direction means getting the
best possible work done with the least possible expenditure of time, energy and money. For this, the

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