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Unit 3: Management at Different Levels-Elementary, Secondary, Higher Education

Objectives of Cumulative Reocrd Notes
1. To give a “comparative” achievement of pupils : A pupil’s achievement is compared with
that of his class mates. This comparative function is helpful in selection, promotion and
classification of students for various jobs in the school and later life.
2. To interpret progress and behaviour : The cumulative information and data collected over a
continuous period regarding a pupil helps us to understand his progress or lack of it; and his
behaviour is interpreted. Proper educational and other kinds of guidance can then be given.
3. To preserve results : Cumulative record preserves the results of four to ten independent and
objective studies brought together on one card. It is based on the belief that such assessments
are more informative than one, and that guidance may be more effectively given in the light of
such a series of measurements than in terms of the results of one selective examination.
4. To give a full view of the student : Cumulative record should show his interests, preferences,
achievements, leisure time activities, his reading interests, his special traits, his attitudes, his
special aptitudes. It should give both a clear cross-sectional and a longitudinal view of the
student. It should show his status in different areas of the growth. It should disclose
developmental gtrends by showing his status in these areas at different times in the past. It
should tell a story of the child’s growth and development in relation to the goals and objectives
of the school’s educational programme. But it should never become so unwieldy and complex
that it becomes a burden rather than an asset in guiding pupils. It should be so planned that
there is minimum of clerical work.

Designs of the Cumulative Record
1. Folder type : It is a broad card which can be folded into many parts-say eight parts having
sixteen pages. The first four parts are used for permanent record and the next four for periodical
records. Some pages are kept blank for annual entries.
2. File type : A file may be maintained for each pupil. The permanent record is written on the
printed columns of the cover. The periodical data of achievement and activities are entered on
separate leaves of paper for each period or year, to be inserted and added year after year.
3. Envelope type : When closed on three sides and kept open on one side the file type forms an
envelop. The permanent record is entered on the front and back cover. The periodic record is
entered on separate leaves tagged together and inserted into the envelope.

Characteristics of a Cumulative Record System
1. It is started for each child at the time of his entrance to school.
2. It is transferred as the child progresses from lower to higher school or moves to another school.
3. It presents a comprehensive picture of the child’s growth and development.
4. The forms used are simple and easy to understand.
5. Its maintenance does not require too much of clerical work.
6. It is flexible, requiring a minimum of data for all pupils but permitting great latitude in the
types of additional data which may be accumulated for individual pupils.
7. It is so designed that it reveals trends of growth over a period of year. Data which are cumulative
can be presented in chronological sequence. All entries are dated. Informal data are summarized
at the end of each school year to reveal evidence of pupil growth, as well as his special needs
and problems.
8. It is readily accessible to teachers. However, the confidential nature of data must be respected
and the records always kept in a secure place.

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