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'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu
uksV (3) dfBukbZ rFkk foHksnhdj.k lwpkad Kkr djus dh fofèk (Method of estimating difficulty and
discriminating index)μin fo'ys"k.k dh fofèk;ksa dh leh{kk ls fofnr gksrk gS fd 23 fofèk;ksa dk fodkl gks
pqdk gSA izR;sd fofèk dh viuh voèkkj.kk,¡] lhek,¡ rFkk fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA ,d ijh{k.k osQ inksa dk in fo'ys"k.k fofHkÂ
fofèk;ksa ls dj ysus ij muosQ lwpkad vyx&vyx izkIr gksrs gSaA blls fofnr gksrk gS fd in fo'ys"k.k fofèk Hkh
lwpkadksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
(4) mPp ,oa fuEu oxZ osQ foHkktu dh izfofèk (Technique of dichotomy of high and low Groups)μin
fo'ys'"k.k osQ fy, lewg dks mPp ,oa fuEu oxZ esa foHkktu djuk gksrk gSA bl foHkktu osQ fy, Hkh dbZ izfofèk;ksa
dks iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA oSQyh dh izfofèk dks vfèkd iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn ijh{k.k osQ in&fo'ys"k.k osQ fy,
izfofèk osQ fy, foHkktu osQ fy, ,d ls vfèkd izfofèk;ksa dks fd;k tk;s rks in osQ lwpkad Hkh vyx&vyx izkIr
gksaxsA bl izdkj mPp ,oa fuEu oxZ esa foHkktu dh izfofèk Hkh lwpkad dks izHkkfor djrh gSA
(5) vuqeku ls lgh djus dk lw=k (Formula for Correction Guessing)μin lwpkad dh x.kuk esa iz;kl
fd;k tkrk gS fd in dks lgh djus okyksa dk vuqikr 'kq¼ gks fd okLro esa bl vuqikr osQ yksx lgh mÙkj tkurs
gSaA blosQ fy, vuqeku ls lgh osQ lw=k dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA bl izdkj osQ lw=k euksoSKkfudksa us vyx&vyx fodflr
fd;s gSa] mudh voèkkj.kk;sa Hkh vyx&vyx gSaA blfy, bu lw=kksa dk iz;ksx Hkh inksa osQ lwpkad dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
(6) ijh{kk£Fk;ksa dh ltkrh; ,oa fotkrh;rk (Homogenity and hetrogenity of the examinees)μin
fo'ys"k.k esa ijh{kk£Fk;ksa osQ lgh mÙkjksa dks iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn ijh{kkFkhZ leku ;ksX;rk okys gksa rks foHksnhdj.k
lwpkad ,oa dfBukbZ lwpkad okLrfod ls de gksxk vkSj ;fn ijh{kkFkhZ osQ Lrj esa varj gksaxs rks foHksnhdj.k lwpkad
vfèkd gksxk vkSj dfBukbZ lwpkad lkekU; gksxkA blh izdkj in osQ fodYiksa dh ltkrh;rk Hkh lwpkad dks izHkkfor
djrh gSA
(7) la'kksfèkr pkVZ (Modified Chart)μeuksoSKkfud us inksa osQ lwpkadksa dh x.kuk osQ fy, oqQN la'kksfèkr pkVZ
Hkh fodflr fd, gSaA Msfol dh in fo'ys"k.k fofèk dk la'kksèku gkiZj us fd;k gSA ;fn Msfol dh fofèk esa gkiZj
osQ la'kksfèkr pkVZ dk iz;ksx djrs gSa rks inksa osQ lwpkad eku cny tkrs gSa vkSj Msfol fofèk esa fdlh vU; osQ la'kksfèkr
pkVZ dk iz;ksx djrs gSa rks inksa osQ lwpkad eku oqQN vkSj vkrs gSaA bl izdkj la'kksfèkr pkVZ Hkh bu lwpkadksa dks izHkkfor
djrs gSaA
(8) in dh xR;kRedrk (Speedness of the Test)μinksa dh dfBukbZ Lrj foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr in dh
xR;kRedrk ij Hkh fuHkZj djrh gSA D;ksafd in ijh{k.k 'kfDr ijh{k.k (Power Test) ugha gksrk gSA izR;sd vfUre
iz'u rd ugha igq¡p ikrk gSA
bu dkjdksa osQ vè;;u ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd in osQ lwpkadksa dk lkekU;hdj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijh{k.k
osQ inksa osQ dfBukbZ lwpkad vkSj foHksnhdj.k lwpkad] in fo'ys"k.k izfofèk] in osQ Lo:i] mPp ,oa fuEu oxZ osQ
foHkktu dh izfofèk] vuqeku ls lgh djus osQ lw=k vkSj ijh{k.k osQ lewg ij fuHkZj gksrs gSaA
/ukRed lwpd D;k gksrk gS\
10-8 in fo'ys"k.k dh leL;k,¡ (Problems of Item Analysis)
in fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, vusd fofèk;ksa ,oa izfofèk;ksa dks fodflr fd;k x;k gS] ftlls ijh{k.k osQ fuekZ.k esa dksbZ
dfBukbZ u gksA fiQj Hkh ijh{k.k osQ fuekZ.k esa vkSj in fo'ys"k.k esa vèkksfyf[kr leL;k,¡ jgrh gSaμ
(1) vuqeku ls lgh djus dh leL;k,¡ (Problems Associated with Guessing)μoLrqfu"B ijh{k.kksa esa dbZ
152 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
