Page 69 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—6% oSèkrkμ izdkj] fofèk;k¡ rFkk mi;ksfxrk

6-1 oSèkrk dk vFkZ (Meaning of Validity) uksV

ifjHkk"kkvksa ls oSèkrk dk vFkZ Li"V gksrk gS fd oSèkrk ijh{k.k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ xq.k gS ftlls ;g fofnr gksrk
gS fd ,d ijh{k.k fdl lhek rd ml fo'ks"krk dk ekiu djrk gS ftlosQ fy, mldk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA oSèkrk
ls rkRi;Z gksrk gS fd ijh{k.k vius mís';ksa dh iw£r fdl lhek rd djrk gSA oSèkrk ijh{k.k dh lkFkZdrk dks izn£'kr
djrh gSA
oSèkrk dk lwpkad ;g iznf'kZr djrk gS fd ijh{k.k esa LFkk;h&=kqfV (Constant Error) dh ek=kk fdruh gS ;fn oSèkrk
dk lwpkad vfèkd gS rks blls ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ml ijh{k.k esa LFkk;h =kqfV de gS vkSj ;fn oSèkrk lwpkad de
gS rks ml ijh{k.k esa LFkk;h =kqfV vfèkd gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g Hkh gS fd ijh{k.k ftldk ekiu djus osQ fy, cuk;k
x;k gS blosQ vfrfjDr vU; fdlh xq.k dk ekiu vfèkd djrk gSA f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku esa dksbZ ijh{k.k iw.kZ:i
ls oSèk ugha gksrk D;ksafd f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku esa ,slk ijh{k.k ugha cuk;k tk ldrk gS] tks iw.kZ:i ls oSèk gks
D;ksafd f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku esa ,slk ijh{k.k ugha cuk;k tk ldrk tks iw.kZ :i ls mlh dk ekiu djs ftlosQ
fy, mldk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA vr% f'k{kk euksfoKku dk ijh{k.k iw.kZ:i ls oSèk gksuk lEHko ugha gksrk gSA
oSèkrk dk vFkZ lkaf[;dh; ls Hkh le>k tk ldrk gSA oSèkrk dk xq.kd ijh{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa dk lg&lEcUèk ekun.M
ijh{k.k izkIrkadksa ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA vFkkZr~ oSèkrk rkRi;Z ml lg&lEcUèk ls gS tks ,d ijh{k.k dk vU; ekun.M
ls gksrk gSA bldks vxzkafdr fp=k ls iznf'kZr dj ldrs gSaA

vxzafdr fp=k }kjk oSèkrk dks Li"V djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA oSèkrk xq.kd dk rkRi;Z cká lg&lEcUèk ls
gksrk gSA ,d ijh{k.k ,d lewg dks fn;k tkrk gS vkSj muosQ izkIrkadksa dk lglEcUèk fudkyk tkrk gSA lkèkkj.kr%
lglEcUèk xq.kd -50 osQ yxHkx gksus ij ijh{k.k dks oSèk ekuk tkrk gSA oSèkrk Kkr djus dh ;g ,d izeq[k
fofèk gSA
ftl izdkj fo'oluh;rk osQ vFkZ dks ijh{k.k pfjrk (Test Variance) osQ :i esa crk;k tkrk gS] tSlsμfo'oluh;rk
xq.kd ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ijh{k.k lEiw.kZ pfjrk (Total Variance) dk dkSu&lk vuqikr okLrfod pfjrk dk
(True Variance) gSA blh rF; dk vkxs fo'ys"k.k djosQ oSèkrk xq.kd dks le> ldrs gSaA (“Reliability is
the proportion of true variance.”) okLrfod pfjrk dk vuqikr gksrk gSA voèkkj.kk (Assumptions) ij
vkèkkfjr gS fd ijh{k.k dh dfBukbZ Nk=kksa dh tkudkjh ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gS vkSj mlh iz'u leku dfBukbZ
Lrj osQ gksrs gSaA
T E
σ 2 t σ 2 e X σ x 2

okLrfod vad + =kqfV vad = lEiw.kZ vad vFkok izkIrkad

σ 2 okLrfod pfjrk
r = σ t 2 x = ijh{k.k pfjrk = fo'oluh;rk xq.kd
tt

oSèkrk lEefyr pfjrk dk vuqikr gksrk gS

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 63