Page 70 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV C.F. S.F.
σ 2 ct σ 2 st σ 2 e X

T – lEefyr S – fof'k"V E – =kqfV
σ 2 lfEefyr dkjd pkfjrk
oSèkrk xq.kd (r )= σ et 2 x = ijh{k.k pfjrk
te

;g lw=k ,d voèkkj.kk ij vkèkkfjr gS fd ijh{k.k dh dfBukbZ Nk=kksa dh tkudkjh ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gS vkSj lHkh
iz'u leku dfBukbZ osQ gksrs gSaA
X = C + S

okLrfod izkIrkad = lEefyr izkIrkad + fof'k"V izkIrkad
ijh{k.k izkIrkad = lEefyr izkIrkad + fof'k"V izkIrkad + =kqfV izkIrkad
X = C + S + E
okLrfod izkIrkad = lEefyfr izkIrkad + fof'k"V izkIrkad

lEefyr dkjd pkfjrk α 2
c/Srk x.qkd¾ = e
ijh{k.k pfjrk α x 2
mijksDr fp=kksa ,oa lehdj.kksa ls ;g fofnr gksrk gS fd okLrfod pfjrk dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk
gSA izFke&lfEefyr dkjd pfjrk_ f}rh;&fof'k"V pkfjrkA lEefyr pfjrk ijh{k.k dk dkSu lk vuqikr gS] og
oSèkrk xq.kd gksrk gSA
“Validity is the proportion of common factor variance.”
bl foospu ls ;g Hkh Li"V gksrk gS fd oSèkrk xq.kd lnSo fo'oluh;rk xq.kd ls de gksrk gSA D;ksafd Hkktd
esa nksuksa LFkkuksa ij ijh{k.k jgrk gS vkSj oSèkrk esa lfEefyr dkjd jgrk gS tks okLrfod pfjrk ls lnSo de
jgrk gSA oSèkrk osQ izR;; esa fd;k x;k gSA
ijh{k.k oSèkrk dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Test Validity)

oSèkrk dh ifjHkk"kk f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku osQ fo}kuksa us vusd izdkj ls dh gSA muesa ls oqQN izeq[k fo}kuksa dh
ifjHkk"kkvksa dks ;gk¡ fn;k x;k gSμ

yh ts- ØkucSd osQ vuqlkjμfdlh ijh{k.k dh oSèkrk mldh og lhek gS] ftl lhek rd og] ogh ekirk gS]
ftlosQ fy, mldk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
“Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it purposes to measure.” –Lee J. Cronback
vkj- ,y- FkkuZMkbd osQ vuqlkjμdksbZ Hkh ekiu&fofèk ml lhek rd oSèk gS] ftl lhek rd og ml dk;Z
osQ fdlh liQy ekiu ls lg&lEcUèk gS] ftlosQ fo"k; esa iwoZ dFku gsrq mldh jpuk dh x;h gSA
“A measurement procedure is valid so far as it correlates with some measurement of success in the job for
which is is being used as a predictor.”
–R. L. Thorndike

iSzQad] ,l- ÚheSu osQ vuqlkjμoSèkrk dk lwpkad ml ek=kk dks O;Dr djrk gS ftl ek=kk rd ,d ijh{k.k
ml pj dks ekirk gS] ftlosQ ekiu gsrq og cuk;k x;k gks] tcfd mldh rqyuk fdlh LohÑfr ekun.M ls
dh tkrh gSA
“A index of validity shows the degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure, when
compared with accepted criterion.” –Frank, S. Freeman

64 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY