Page 74 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV (1) ikB~;oLrq oSèkrk (Content Validity)μbl izdkj dh oSèkrk ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ijh{k.k esa ftl ikB~;oLrq
dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS og ml fo"k; osQ ikB~;Øe dk izfrfufèkRo djrk gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gksrk gS fd lEiw.kZ
ikB~;Øe ij iz'u ml ijh{k.k esa lfEefyr fd;s x;s gSaA bl izdkj osQ izek.k fo"k;&oLrq osQ fo'ks"kK osQ }kjk rk£dd
<ax ls ,df=kr fd;s tkrs gSaA blfy, bls rk£dd oSèkrk Hkh dgrs gSaA blosQ vUrxZr iz'uksa dh ikB~;oLrq lEiw.kZ
ikB~;Øe dk U;kn'kZ gksrk gSA blfy, bls U;kn'kZ oSèkrk Hkh dgrs gSaA bl izdkj dh oSèkrk osQ fy, ijh{k.k esa iz'uksa
}kjk tks ifjfLFkfr;k¡ nh tkrh gSA mudk ijh{k.k O;ogkj osQ :i esa ns[krs gSa fd og ikB~;Øe ls lEcfUèkr lHkh
O;ogkjksa dks lfEefyr djrs gSa vFkok mudk izfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA blfy, bls ikB~;Øe oSèkrk (Curricular

Validity) dgrs gSaA ikB~;oLrq oSèkrk dh ifjHkk"kk vuLVslh us bl izdkj nh gS%μ
“Test scores can be interpreted in terms of school ability the performance of to-day is well defined type of
situation or subject matter thus called content validity.” –Anastasi
bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd fdlh ijh{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa dk vFkkZiu fo|ky; dh {kerkvksa vFkok dk;Z lEiknu osQ
:i esa fd;k tk;s tcfd ijh{k.k ifjfLFkfr ;k ikB~;oLrq dks Hkyh izdkj ifjHkkf"kr vkt osQ lUnHkZ esa fd;k
gks rc mls ikB~;oLrq oSèkrk dgrs gSaA
bl izdkj dh oSèkrk fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k dh gksrh gSA bl izdkj osQ ijh{k.k dk ;g mís'; gksrk gS fd ftl ikB~;oLrq
dks i<+k;k x;k gS mlh ikB~;oLrq dk ijh{k.k ekiu djrk gS] ;fn fu"ifÙk ijh{kkvksa dh jpuk 'kSf{kd mís';ksa
osQ ekiu osQ fy, dh x;h gS rks ml ijh{k.k osQ mUgha mís';ksa dk ekiu djuk pkfg,A ewY;akdu vk;ke esa
'kSf{kd ijh{k.k esa mís';ksa dk ekiu fd;k tkrk gSA rc mls ijh{k.k dh oLrqfu"B oSèkrk gksuh pkfg,A bl izdkj
osQ 'kSf{kd ijh{k.k dks ekun.M ijh{kk dgk tkrk gSA
(2) lajpuk oSèkrk (Construct Validity)μbl izdkj dh oSèkrk dk vFkZ ;g gS fd tc ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd
ijh{k.k esa lfEefyr O;ogkjksa osQ fy, fdu ekufld ;ksX;rkvksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vFkok ;g O;ogkj fdu
ekufld {kerkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA bl izdkj dh oSèkrk euksoSKkfud rF;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gS] blfy, bls
euksoSKkfud oSèkrk dgrs gSaA vuLVslh us bl izdkj osQ oSèkrk dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj dh gSA
“The test scores can be interpreted in terms of psychological theory or in terms of cognitive ability, that is
the test score have psychological speaking (mental traits) is called the construct validity.”
bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd fdlh ijh{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa dk vFkkZiu KkukRed ;ksX;rkvksa vFkok euksoSKkfud
fl¼kUrksa osQ :i esa fd;k tk;s fd ijh{k.k vad esa veqd ekufld {kek,¡ fufgr gSa rks mls lajpukRed
oSèkrk dgrs gSaA

bl izdkj dh oSèkrk euksoSKkfud ijh{k.kksa esa gksuk vko';d gSA mngkj.k osQ fy, cqf¼ ijh{k.k] ltZukRed
ijh{k.k rFkk izo.krk vkfn esa bl izdkj dh oSèkrk Kkr dh tkrh gS lkèkkj.kr% lHkh ijh{k.k O;ogkj ekufld
{kerkvksa ij gh vkèkkfjr gksrs gSa ijUrq mijksDr ijh{k.k fo'ks"k :i ls KkukRed {kerkvksa rFkk ;ksX;rkvksa dk
ekiu djrs gSa ftudh izÑfr euksoSKkfud fl¼kUr }kjk le>h tkrh gSA blfy, {kerkvksa dk Lo:i
ifjdYiukRed ladYiuk ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA bl izdkj dh oSèkrk dk izfriknu ØkucSd us fd;k gSA bl oSèkrk
dk Lo:i tfVy gksrk gSA blfy, bls lS¼kfUrd oSèkrk dgrs gSaA

(3) vuqHkotU; oSèkrk (Empirical Validity)μbl izdkj dh oSèkrk dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ijh{k.k mu xq.kksa
dk ekiu fdl lhek rd djrk gS ftlosQ fy, mldh jpuk dh x;h gSA bl ckr dh iqf"V osQ fy, ijh{k.k osQ
O;ogkjksa dk lg&lEcUèk ekun.M O;ogkjksa ls Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd Nk=k ijh{k.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa tks O;ogkj djrk gS mldh iqf"V mlosQ okLrfod O;ogkjksa ;k dlkSVh osQ O;ogkjksa ls dh tkrh gSA rks mls
vuqHkotU; oSèkrk dgrs gSaA vuLVslh us bl oSèkrk dh ifjHkk"kk fuEu izdkj ls dh gSμ
“Test score can be used to predict the futrue behaviour of the students are the present behavirour the
students in actual situation thus the validity is calld Empirical Validity.” –Anastasi

68 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY