Page 54 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

vè;kid f'k{kk

uksV (1) iwoZ izkFkfed LowQyksa osQ fy, vè;kid&izf'k{k.k (Teacher’s Training for Pre-primary
Schools)μiwoZ&izkFkfed (Pre-primary) LowQyksa osQ fy, gkbZLowQy mÙkh.kZ (vc b.VjehfM,V ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ
vè;kidksa dks ulZjh (Nursery) fd.MjxkVZu (Kindergarten) rFkk ekW.Vsljh (Montesori) iz.kkfy;ksa esa izf'k{k.k
dh O;oLFkk dh x;hA bu izf'k{k.k osQUnzksa esa {ks=kh; Hksn (Regional Difference) ik;k tkrk gSA cM+kSnk dk ,e-
,l- fo'ofo|ky; iwoZ izkFkfed Lrj osQ f'k{kdksa osQ fy, mÙkj Lukrd ikB~;Øe (Post-Graduate Course) pyk
jgk gSA osQUnzh; ljdkj us 1954 esa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk&lfefr (Indian Infant Education Committee) dh LFkkiuk
djosQ iwoZ&izkFkfed vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh gSA rc ls vc rd yxHkx 20 ljdkjh vkSj 100 futh
izf'k{k.k osQUnz bl Lrj osQ vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k osQUnz [kqy pqosQ gSaA
(2) izkFkfed LowQyksa osQ vè;kidksa dk izf'k{k.k (Teacher’s Training for Primary Schools)μ1947 ls
Hkkjr osQ lHkh izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij csfld f'k{kk dks ykxw fd;k x;k] ijUrq lHkh izkFkfed fo|ky;
csfld f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa ugha cnys tk losQA bl izdkj ns'k esa izkFkfed csfld LowQy rFkk izkFkfed xSj csfld LowQy
nksuksa py jgs gSaA blfy, izkFkfed LowQyksa osQ vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k osQ fy, lkekU; vkSj csfld nks izdkj osQ izf'k{k.k
osQUnz pykus iM+sA bl izf'k{k.k osQ fy, nks o"khZ; ikB~;Øe pyk;k x;kA ,d izf'k{k.k esa de ls de gkbZLowQy
mÙkh.kZ vkSj nwljs esa fefMy ;k twfu;j gkbZLowQy mÙkh.kZ vè;kidksa dks izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA igys okyksa dks mPp
izek.k i=k (Upper Certificate) vkSj nwljksa dks fuEu Lrj dk izek.k i=k (Lower Certificate) fn;k tkrk gSA

csfld vkSj xSj csfld ikB~;Øeksa esa cgqr cM+k vUrj gSA csfld ikB~;Øe dks pkj oxks±μgLrf'kYi] f'k{kk'kkL=k]
lkekftd vuqHko] vkSj Hkk"kk oxZ esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA oqQN jkT;ksa esa {ks=kh; vko';drk osQ vuqlkj oqQN
vkSj rÙo Hkh lfEefyr dj fy, x;s gSaA xSj csfld ikB~;Øe esa gLrf'kYi (Handicrafts) dks NksM+dj 'ks"k
lHkh fo"k;ksa esa izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA nksuksa izdkj dh f'k{kk osQ fy, i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q vè;kid izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk
dh tkrh gSA
(3) twfu;j gkbZLowQy vè;kidksa osQ fy, iwoZ&Lukrd izf'k{k.k (Undergraduate Training for Junior
High School Teachers)μtks O;fDr b.VjehfM,V ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj ysrs gSa] mUgsa twfu;j gkbZLowQyksa esa i<+kus osQ
fy, izf'kf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd jkT; esa bl izf'k{k.k dh leku O;oLFkk ugha gS fiQj Hkh ikB~;Øe leku gh
jgrk gSA blosQ ikB~;Øe osQ nks Hkkx gksrs gSaμlS¼kfUrd (Theoretical) rFkk iz;ksxkRed (Practical)A tcyiqj]
lkxj] ukxiqj osQ fo'ofo|ky;ksa eas fMIyksek bu Vh¯px (Diploma in Teacher)] cM+kSnk] xqtjkr] cEcbZ] dukZVd
vkSj iwuk esa Vh¯px fMIyksek (T. D.) rFkk m- iz- esa csfld VhplZ l£VfiQosQV (B. T. C.) rFkk l£VfiQosQV vkWiQ Vh¯px
(C. T.) rFkk twfu;j VhplZ l£VfiQosQV (J. T. C.) ikB~;Øe pyk;s tkrs gSaA lHkh ikB~;Øe ,d o"khZ; gSaA vc m-
iz- esa lh- Vh- rFkk ts- Vh- lh- lekIr dj fn;s x;s gSaA
(4) ekè;fed LowQyksa osQ fy, Lukrd izf'k{k.k (Graduate Training for Secondary Schools)μns'k osQ
fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa ekè;fed LowQyksa osQ vè;kidksa vkSj fo|ky; fujh{kdkas (Inspectors of Schools) osQ fy, Lukrd
izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe pyk;k tkrk gSA ns'k osQ lHkh fo'ofo|ky; ch- ,M- dh mikfèk iznku djrs gSaA ;g izf'k{k.k
fo'ofo|ky; rFkk mlls lEc¼ egkfo|ky;ksa osQ ch- ,M- foHkkx esa fn;k tkrk gSA ;s ikB~;Øe Hkh csfld vkSj xSj
csfld nks izdkj dk gksrk gSA m- iz- esa csfld izf'k{k.k osQ fy, ,y- Vh- (L. T.) dk fMIyksek izpfyr gS tks nks
o"khZ; gSA ;g vU; fo'ofo|ky;ksa osQ ch- ,M- izf'k{k.k osQ lerqY; gSaA
ljdkjh f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk fo|ky; fujh{kdksa osQ fy, Hkh izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk gSA fnYyh esa ,u- lh- bZ- vkj- Vh-
}kjk Hkh ge izf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk izknsf'kd f'k{kk egkfo|ky;ksa (The Regional-Colleges of Education) esa dh
xbZ gSA fnYyh esa ls.Vªy bULVhV~;wV vkWiQ ,twosQ'ku (C. I. E.) rFkk us'kuy bULVhV~;wV vkWiQ ,twosQ'ku (N. I. E.) esa
;g izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA
(5) fo'ks"kKksa dk izf'k{k.k (Training of Specialists)μbl izf'k{k.k O;oLFkk esa laxhr] yfyr dykvksa]
x`g&foKku rFkk 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj gLrf'kYi osQ ikB~;Øe lapkfyr fd;s tkrs gSaA 1957 bZ- esa Xokfy;j esa

46 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY