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ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k
uksV lkekftd thou osQ fu;ked osQ :i esa ukrsnkjh dk egÙo rhu ckrksa ij vkèkkfjr gS% (i) ml gn rd tgk¡ rd
O;fDr vius jDr&lEcafèk;ksa ls f?kjk gksrk gSA ;fn ,d gh oa'k osQ yksx foLr`r bykdksa esa fo[kjs gksa rks ukrsnkjh
O;ogkj dh Hkwfedk lhfer gksxhA (ii) izfrekfur ukrsnkjh O;ogkj osQ fodkl dk LrjA oqQN lkekftd yksxksa esa
lEcUèk brus izfrekfur gksrs gSa fd vkdfLedrk osQ fy, txg cgqr de gksrh gSA oqQN lektksa esa ukrsnkjh dk
fuf'pr ^iSVuZ* ugha gksrk ftlls O;fDroknh O;ogkj cgqr T;knk gksus dh lHkkouk gksrh gSA (iii) yksxkas dh
Hkwfedk,¡ fuf'pr djus osQ fy, oSdfYid fodkl dk LrjA 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa gekjk viuk O;ogkj ukrsnkjh osQ
fu;eksa ls izHkkfor ugha gksrk D;ksafd ge ukrsnkjksa osQ lkFk vkerkSj ij var% fØ;k ugha djrsA ;g fLFkfr ,d
lkekU; fdlku osQ xk¡o osQ fcYoqQy foijhr gS] D;ksafd ogk¡ izR;sd O;fDr ,d leqnk; osQ izR;sd O;fDr ls
lEc¼ gksrk gSA ifj.kker% dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vius oa'k osQ yksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa gh dksbZ dke djrk gSA fcYoqQy
NksVs lekt esas tgk¡ HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk dh FkksM+h ;k fcYoqQy Hkh laHkkouk ugha gksrh ukrsnkjh O;ogkj gh
lkekftd O;ogkj dks fu;fer djrs gSaA
11-1 ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk essa {ks=kh; fofHkUurk vkSj mlosQ lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd lg&lEcUèk
(Regional Variations in Kinship System and Its Socio-Cultural
Co-relation)
fdlh Hkh lekt dh ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk ml lekt dh lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd n'kkvksa esas tqM+h gksrh gSaA ;g iz'u
iwNk tk ldrk gS% osQjy lekt dh lajpuk esa ,sls dkSu ls rRo gSa tks ogk¡ ,d vksj rks ekr`oa'kh; vkSj nwljh
vksj fir`oa'kh; ukrsnkjh ijEijk dks tUe nsrs gSaA ,slh dkSu&lh ckr gS tgk¡ mÙkj Hkkjr esa la;qDr ifjokj gSa vkSj
nf{k.k esa FkkjokM+\ Li"V gS] ukrsnkjh dh ;s fofHkUurk,¡ gSa vkSj budk mÙkj] mÙkj Hkkjr rFkk osQjy dh
lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd O;oLFkkvksa ls gSA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd mÙkj Hkkjr esa fir`oa'kh; ifjokj gSa vkSj nf{k.k
Hkkjr osQ osQjy osQ oqQN {ks=kksa esa ekr`oa'kh; ifjokj gSaA
uksV~l iwoZ osQ t;fUr;k igkfM+;ksa esa [kklh tutkfr gSaA bldh ijEijk vkSj lkekftd rFkk lkaLÑfrd fojklr
mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k nksuksa gh {ks=kksa ls fHkUu gSA ,slh voLFkk esa ukrsnkjh dh fofHkUurkvksa&fir`oa'kh; vkSj
ekr`oa'kh; O;oLFkkvksa dk vUrj lkekftd&lkaLÑfr lanHkZ esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;gk¡ ge bu rhuksa {ks=kksaµmÙkj] nf{k.k vkSj iwoZ dh ukrsnkjh dh fofHkUurk dks muosQ lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ
esa ns[ksaxsA
mÙkj Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk (Kinship System in North India)
bjkorh dosZ viuh iqLrd osQ izkjEHk esa ;g tksj nsdj dgrh gSa fd Hkkjrh; lekt dks le>us osQ fy;s Hkk"kk
vkSj ifjokj cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSaA ;s laLÑfr osQ vax gSaA Hkkjr dk mÙkjh {ks=k mÙkj esa fgeky; vkSj foaè;kpy ioZr
osQ chp dk {ks=k gSA bl {ks=k dh Hkk"kk,¡ b.Mks&vk;Zu Hkk"kk ifjokj dh bl laLÑfr us bl {ks=k dks ,d gh ukrsnkjh
O;oLFkk osQ gksrs gq, Hkh ;gk¡ 'kCnksa dh lajpuk esa FkksM+s cgqr vUrj fn[kk;h ns tkrs gSaA bl {ks=k dh ukrsnkjh
O;oLFkk dk fooj.k geµ(1) ukrsnkjh oxZ] (2) ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh] (3) fookg osQ fu;e] vkSj (4) ukrsnkjksa
esa vkSipkfjd migkjksa dk vknku&iznku nsaxsA
1- ukrsnkjh oxZ (Kinship Groups)
mÙkj Hkkjr osQ ukrsnkjksa esa eq[; lewg fir`oa'k gSA bldk lEcUèk tkfr vkSj mitkfr ls gSA fir`oa'k osQ lkFk Lor%
xks=k] tkfr vkSj mitkfr tqM+s gksrs gSaA
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