Page 92 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

bdkbZ—11: ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk esa {ks=kh; fofHkUurk vkSj mlosQ lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd lg&laca/

4- ukrsnkjksa esa vkSipkfjd migkjksa dk vknku&iznku (Exchange of Gifts among Kins) uksV
fdlh Hkh ifjokj esa tUe ls ysdj e`R;q rd] ,sls volj vkrs gSa tc ukrsnkjksa osQ chp esa vknku&iznku gksrk gSA
vkerkSj ij oèkw&i{k oj i{k dh rqyuk esa viuh fuEu izfLFkfr osQ vuqdwy fookg osQ nkSjku migkj nsrs gSaA dguk

;g pkfg;s fd migkj nsuk vkSj ysuk nksuksa gh ,d lkekftd xfrfofèk gS tks ukrsnkjh lEcUèkksa dks cuk;s j[krs
gSaA ;gk¡ ge fiQj yqbZ MÔweksa osQ mÙkj Hkkjr osQ ukrsnkjh vè;;u dk n`"VkUr nsaxsA MÔweksa dgrs gSa fd ¶ek¡ osQ HkkbZ
(lgksnj ukrsnkj) vkSj iRuh osQ HkkbZ (oSokfgd ukrsnkj) osQ ,d tSls gh vkSipkfjd izdk;Z gksrs gSaA iRuh dk HkkbZ
(lkyk) dqN o"kks± osQ ckn cPpksa dk ekek gks tkrk gS] blfy;s bu nksuksa esa dksbZ vUrj ugha gSA ,- lh- es;j
us ekyok osQ nsokl ftys osQ ,d xk¡o dk vè;;u fd;s gSaA os dgrs gSa fd O;fDr osQ ekek }kjk fn;s x;s lHkh
migkj eesjs migkj dgykrs gSaA ekek }kjk fn;s tkus okys migkjksa osQ foijhr vius fir`oa'k }kjk fn;s x;s migkj
cku (ekyok esa) dgykrs gSaA nwljh vksj cku 'kCn dk iz;ksx ml migkj osQ fy;s Hkh gksrk gS ftls vU; fj'rsnkj
tSls oj dh cfgu dk ifr (oj dk thtk)] oj dh iRuh osQ HkkbZ (oj dk lkyk) dks nsrk gSA¸ blls irk pyrk
gS fd migkjksa osQ vknku&iznku dh fxurh esa oj dk thtk vFkok fiNyh ih<+h osQ lanHkZ esa iQwiQk dks oj osQ
lkys (vFkok fiNyh ih<+h osQ lanHkZ esa ekek) osQ led{k fir`oa'k dk gh ,d vax le>k tkrk gSA
e`R;q osQ volj ij Hkh oqQN vknku&iznku gksrs gSaA ,d O;fDr dh e`R;q ij mldk iq=k eq[; foykidrkZ (Chief
Mournex) gksrk gSA mlosQ flj ixM+h ck¡èkus dk jLe ml ?kfu"B lEcUèkh }kjk dh tkrh gS tks ml ifjokj ls
oèkw (yM+dh) ys tk pqdk gksA nwljs 'kCnksa eas] ;g ixM+h fo'ks"k :i ls cfgu osQ ifr vFkkZr~ thtk ;k firk dh
cfgu osQ ifr (iwQiQk) }kjk ck¡èkh tkrh gSA
tc ge fookg] e`R;q vkfn voljksas ij migkjksa dh vknku&iznku dh ppkZ djrs gSa rc ;g cgqr Li"V gks tkrk
gS fd mÙkjh Hkkjr esa gesa bl {ks=k esa fo"kerk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

uksV~l ,iQ-th- csyh (1957)] vkWLdj ysfol (1958)] ,- lh- ek;j (1960) osQ vè;;ukssa ls ;g
cgqr Li"V gks tkrk gS fd oj&i{k] o/w&i{k ls mQ¡pk gksrk gS vkSj lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa migkj
nsus dk drZO; o/w&i{k dk gksrk gSA blls Kkr gksrk gS fd mÙkj Hkkjr esa vuqykse fookg]
fookg dk eq[; Lo:i gS vkSj bl dkj.k oèkw&i{k dh rqyuk esa oj i{k ges'kk Å¡pk LFkku j[krk
gSA

11-2 nf{k.k Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk (Kinship System in South India)

tc ge nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk dk mYys[k djrs gSa rc mlosQ vUrxZr tSlk fd bjkorh dosZ us fd;k
gS] dukZVd] vkaèkz izns'k] rfeyukMq vkSj osQjy jkT;ksa dks lfEefyr djrs gSaA ;gk¡ dh pkj eq[; Hkk"kk,¡µrfey]
dUuM+] rsyxq vkSj ey;kyeµnzfoM+ Hkk"kk ifjokj dh lnL; gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa cgqrk;r :i ls fir`oa'k vkSj
ekr`oa'k nksuksa ijEijkvksa dk mYys[k djsaxsµ
fir`oa'k
Bhd mÙkj Hkkjr dh rjg nf{k.k Hkkjr esa Hkh fir`oa'k dh ijEijk izpfyr gSA oSQFkyhu xi+Q (1955) us ratksj
ftys osQ czkã.kksa osQ fir`oa'kh; ifjokjksa dk vè;;u fd;k gSA ;s ifjokj NksVs&NksVs leqnk;ksa esa c¡Vs gq, gSaA xi+Q
dks izR;sd tkfr dh ,d ls ysdj ckjg rd cfgfoZokg fir`oa'k ijEijk,¡ ,d xk¡o esa feyh gSaA xi+Q crkrh gSa
fd ratksj ftys esa fir`oa'k dks dqV~Ve dgrs gSaA izk;% dqV~Ve osQ lkjs lnL; ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd xk¡oksa esas

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