Page 91 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k

uksV (i) mÙkj Hkkjrh; ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh dk o.kZukRed Lo:i
ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh ukrsnkjksa osQ lEcUèkksa dks Hkk"kk esa crkrh gSA mÙkj Hkkjr esa ik;h tkus okyh ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh
dks ge o.kZukRed (Descriptive) i¼fr dgrs gSaA ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh oDrk dh n`f"V ls lEcUèkksa dk
lhèkk&lknk o.kZu djrh gSaA ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh oDrk dh n`f"V ls lEcUèkksa dk Bhd&Bhd o.kZu djrh gSA bl
'kCnkoyh }kjk cgqr nwj osQ ukrsnkjh lEcUèkksa dk Bhd&Bhd o.kZu fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkjg.k osQ fy;s vaxzsth
'kCnkoyh osQ vady] vkaVh] df”ku tSls 'kCnksa ls ;g Li"V ugha gksrk fd bl 'kCn fo'ks"k dk ek¡ dh rjiQ
ls ;k firk dh rjiQ ls iz;ksx gqvk gSA mÙkj Hkkjr dh ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh esa ;g vFkZ cgqr Li"V fn[kk;h nsrk
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, tc ge ppsjk HkkbZ dgrs gSa rks vklkuh ls bldk vFkZ Li"V gks tkrk gS fd ;g firk osQ
NksVs HkkbZ vFkkZr~ pkpk dk iq=k gS vkSj blh izdkj blosQ lkFk HkkbZ dk lEcUèk gSA blh rjg ls eesjk HkkbZ dk
vFkZ ;g gS fd ;g ek¡ osQ HkkbZ vFkkZr~ ekek dk iq=k gSA
yqbZ MÔweksa us mÙkj Hkkjr dh ukrsnkjh dk o.kZukRed fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA ¶blesa lHkh izkFkfed lEcUèkksa dk o.kZu
fd;k tkrk gSA ^eSa* (vga) ls 'kq: gkssus okys izkFkfed 'kCnkoyh osQ igys Øe esa os 'kCn gSa tks (i) lgksnj
(HkkbZ@cfgu) okyh ih<+h ls lEcUèk dks Li"V djrs gSa] (ii) fookg lEcUèk crkrs gSa] rFkk (iii) vxyh o fiNyh
ih<+h osQ oa'kRoxr lEcUèk crkrs gSaA blosQ ckn nwljs Øe osQ lEcUèk gSa tks izkFkfed lEcUèkksa dks feykdj cuk;s
x;s gSa] vFkkZr~ blesa oa'kRo $ oa'kRo] oa'kRo $ lgksnj] lgksnj $ oa'kRo] fookg $ oa'kRo rFkk fookg $ lgksnj
osQ lEcUèkksa dks n'kkZus okys 'kCn vkrs gSaA lEcUèkksa osQ rhljs Øe eas gesa oa'kRo $ fookg $ oa'kRo ls cus lEcUèkksa
osQ ckjs esa ekywe gksrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr MÔweksa (1966) osQ vuqlkj mÙkj Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh
oxhZdj.kkRed (Classificatory) ugha gS D;ksafd ;g ukrsnkjh 'kCnksa dk oxhZdj.k foijhr lEcUèkksa osQ vkèkkj
ij ugha djrh gS cfYd blesa gesa izkFkfed lEcUèkksa dk c<+k gqvk :i fofHkUu Øeksa esa feyrk gSA¸
mÙkj Hkkjr dh o.kZukRed ukrsnkjh dh 'kCnkoyh dks ns[kus ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ;gk¡ ppssjs vkSj iqQiQsjs&eesjs HkkbZ;ksa
osQ chp Li"V vUrj gSA HkkbZ osQ cPps] Hkrhts] Hkrhft;k¡ dgykrs gSa vkSj cfgu osQ cPps Hkkuts] Hkkuft;k¡ dgykrs
gSaA bu nks Jsf.k;ksa osQ vUrj ls dHkh dksbZ lansg dh xqatkb'k ugha jgrhA lnSo gekjs lekukUrj (Parallel)
ukrsnkj gekjh oa'k ijEijk osQ lnL; gksrs gSa vkSj os izk;% yxHkx ,d gh xk¡o esa Hkh jgrs gSaA blosQ foijhr cfgu
dh larku ;k Hkkuts&Hkkuft;k¡ lnk gh nwljh ijEijk lewg osQ lnL; gksrs gSaA os izk;% jgrs Hkh nwljs xk¡o ;k 'kgj
esa gSaA
(ii) lkekftd O;ogkj
bjkorh dosZ us mÙkj Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvksa esa ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh dh lwph nh gSA dosZ osQ vfrfjDr th- ,l- ?kqfj;s us Hkh
vk;Z ukrsnkjh 'kCnkoyh dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA ukrsnkjh 'kCn osQ iz;ksx ls gh Li"V gks tkrk gS fd fdlh ukrsnkj
ls fdl izdkj osQ O;ogkj dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy;s vkWLdj ysfol (1958) us mÙkj Hkkjrh;
xkaoksa ls lEcfUèkr vius vè;;u esa O;fDr vkSj mlosQ cM+s HkkbZ dh iRuh osQ chp lEcUèk vkSj foU;kl dk o.kZu
fd;k gSA bls ge nsoj&HkkHkh osQ lEcUèk dgrs gSaA bu lEcUèkksa esa g¡lh&e”kkd dk fj'rk gksrk gSA bl ukrsnkjh
O;ogkj osQ fcYoqQy foijhr ,d L=kh dk vius ifr osQ firk osQ lkFk 'khy&ladksp dk fj'rk gksrk gSA blh izdkj
O;ogkj L=kh vius ifr osQ cM+s HkkbZ osQ lkFk djrh gSA ifr osQ firk osQ fy;s llqj vkSj ifr osQ cM+s HkkbZ osQ
fy;s tsB 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
3- fookg osQ fu;e (Rules of Marriage)

mÙkjh Hkkjr esa fookg osQ fuf'pr fu;e gksrs gSaA bu fu;eksa dk lEcUèk fofHkUu ukrsnkjksa ls gksrk gSA 'kksfHkrk tSu
dgrh gSa fd mÙkj Hkkjr esa fookg osQ tks fu;e gSa] os fu"ksèkkRed (Negative) gSaA xks=k ls ckgj fookg ugha
djuk] HkkbZ&cfguksa osQ chp fookg ugha djuk vkfn fu"ksèk gSaA vFkZ gqvk] bu fu"ksèkksa osQ ckgj fookg fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

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