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bdkbZµ21% oS;fDrd thou vè;;u i¼fr

8- lkexzh dh laiw.kZrk (Completeness of the material)µbl i¼fr }kjk izkIr lkexzh vius&vki esa uksV
laiw.kZ gksrh gSA bruh laiw.kZrk o i;kZIr ek=kk esa lkexzh izkIr djuk vU; i¼fr;ksa }kjk laHko ugha gSA ;g bl i¼fr
dh vuqie mi;ksfxrk gh gSA

9- iz'ukoyh] vuqlwph o vU; izi=kksa dks cukus esa lgk;d (Helpful in the perparation of
questionnaire, schedule and other forms)µoS;fDrd vè;;u osQ }kjk egÙoiw.kZ ckrksa ij lwpuk,¡
izkIr gksrh gSa vkSj bu izkIr lwpukvksa o vuqHkoksa osQ vkèkkj ij iz'ukoyh] vuqlwph o vU; izi=kksa dks O;ofLFkr
<ax ls rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
10- oxhZÑr lSEiy fudkyus esa lqfoèkk (Easy in finding group sample)µbl i¼fr }kjk lewg dh
fofHkUu bdkb;ksa osQ xq.kksa dk irk yx tkrk gS vkSj blosQ vkèkkj ij bdkb;ksa dks fofHkUu lewgksa esa oxhZÑr o
foHkkftr djuk ljy gksrk gSA bruk gks tkus ij oxhZÑr lSEiy dk lqfoèkkiwoZd irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
11- midYiukvksa dk Ïksr (Source of Hypothesis)µvusd bdkb;ksa osQ xgu] foLr`r ,oa lw{e vè;;u
osQ }kjk fu"d"kks± rd igq¡pk tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ lkekU;hdj.k (generalisation) fd;k tk ldrk gSA bUgha
fu"d"kks± osQ vkèkkj ij Hkfo"; esa gksus okys vuqlaèkku osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ midYiukvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA

21-8 oS;fDrd thou vè;;u i¼fr dh lhek,¡ (Limitations of Case Study Method)

lkekftd vuqlaèkku osQ {ks=k esa oS;fDrd thou vè;;u dh dkiQh mi;ksfxrk o egÙo gS] fiQj Hkh bl i¼fr
dh viuh oqQN lhek,¡ gSaA ;s lhek,¡] nks"k ;k dfe;k¡ fuEu izdkj gSaµ
1- osQoy oqQN bdkb;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij gh fu"d"kZ (Conclusion on the basis of few units)µbl
i¼fr dh lcls cM+h lhek ;g gS fd blesa oqQN gh bdkb;ksa osQ vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij fu"d"kZ fudkys tkrs
gSaA bl izdkj izkIr fu"d"kks± dks lHkh bdkb;ksa ij ykxw djuk èkks[ks osQ vfrfjDr vkSj oqQN ugha gksxkA

2- nks"kiw.kZ fjdkMZ (Defective records)µbl i¼fr osQ vè;;u esa iwoZ fjdkMks± ij vfèkd cy fn;k tkrk
gS ysfdu lkèkkj.kr;k iwoZ fjdkMks± dk ;FkkFkZ o Bhd gksuk lansgtud jgrk gSA

VkLd ,d O;fDr iqfyl }kjk ckj&ckj idM+k tkrk gS rks gks ldrk gS fd mldk iqfyl fjdkMZ ;FkkFkZ
u gksdj i{kikr ij vkèkkfjr gksA ,slh fLFkfr esa oS;fDrd vè;;u }kjk lgh fu"d"kZ ij oSQls
igq¡pk tk ldrk gS\

3- voSKkfud ,oa vlaxfBr i¼fr (Unscientific and unorganised Method)µbl fofèk esa
bdkb;ksa osQ pquko o lwpuk&ladyu djus ij fdlh izdkj dk fu;a=k.k ugha jgrk vkSj u gh fdlh oSKkfud o
laxfBr i¼fr dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA bl n`f"V ls ;g voSKkfud o vlaxfBr i¼fr gSA
4- i{kikr dh laHkkouk (Possibility of bias)µbl i¼fr dh ,d lhek ;g Hkh gS fd vuqlaèkkudrkZ }kjk
mUgha ?kVukvksa dk vè;;u fd;s tkus osQ dkj.k] tks Lo;a mlosQ thou esa vkrh gSa] i{kikr vkus dh laHkkouk
cuh jgrh gSA
5- lSEiy fofèk ij vkèkkfjr ugha (Not based on sampling method)µbl i¼fr esa osQoy oqQN pquh
gqbZ bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS ysfdu bu pquh gqbZ bdkb;ksa dk pquko lSEiy fofèk ij vkèkkfjr ugha
jgrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izfrfufèkiw.kZ bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u ugha gks ikrk gSA
6- vizkekf.kd rF; (Unverified facts)µbl i¼fr esa vuqlaèkkudrkZ ,d O;fDr osQ thou ls lacafèkr tks
Hkh lwpuk,¡ ;k lkexzh ladfyr djrk gS mudk izek.khdj.k blfy, laHko ugha gS D;ksafd vU; O;fDr osQ thou

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