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Unit 3: Personality

Artisan Notes
Artisans are fun-loving and creative individuals who enjoy cultivating their talents and are
likely to have a natural inclination for the arts. These individuals may enjoy hobbies within the
visual arts, such as drawing, painting, sculpting or fashion design. It is also natural for them to
get involved in the performing arts, and they may take up music, composition and theater as
hobbies. For the less artistically inclined artisans, possible hobbies include cooking, debate or
botany.

Idealist
Idealists are focused on improvement within themselves and the world at large. They are on a
search for deeper meaning, and when they find it themselves they are driven to express it.
Idealists may enjoy reading and be drawn to psychology, mystery novels or social justice. Many
may explore writing, designing, art, music or dance. Some idealists may be visionaries and
healers and be attracted to hobbies such as yoga, massage or tarot-card reading.
Rational
Rationals are logical problem-solvers who can be ingenious at times and have an appreciation
for technology. Studying electronics and mechanics may be actual hobbies they do for fun,
resulting in working on their own computers and cars. These individuals enjoy gaining
theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as making small inventions and tinkering. They
may love puzzles such as Sudoku or Tetris, simply because they enjoy the mental exercise.

3.5.1 Major and Minor Mental Mechanisms

Defence mechanisms/Mental mechanisms ‘Defence mechanisms’ have a place in Freudian theory,
and the idea of human action deriving from ‘machinery’ described somehow as defensive is a
good illustration of psychoanalytic innocence concerning the impact of language. The term is
collective name for systematic and habitual responses of the personality geared to warding off
particular threats (e.g. from id or super-ego) and to advancing certain interests. Defence
mechanisms are operated by the ego in order to preserve its functioning. The use of any particular
mechanism should not be considered sufficient evidence of pathology; pathology depends on
the way in which mechanisms are used, how efficient they are, and whether they make a net
positive contribution to the total individual psychological economy. One problem concerns the
number of defence mechanisms that can be separately identified. Laughlin has identified twenty-
two major mental mechanisms and twenty-three minor responses.
Self Assessment

Multiple Choice Questions:
11. In reference to personality, what is a psychological construct?
(a) A mental concept that leads to self-awareness via the mind-body interaction.
(b) A mental concept that influences behaviour via the mind-body interaction

(c) A mental concept that suppresses behaviour via the mind-body interaction.
(d) A mental concept that remembers events via the mind-body interaction.
12. In terms of personality theories, what are development theories?

(a) Development theories are concerned with how personality develops as we age.
(b) Development theories are concerned with how develop implicit theories.

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