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eè;dkyhu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl

uksV flU/ dh jkt/kuh vyksy 'kkfey FksA Lo;a ,d czkã.k 'kkld gksrs gq, viuh cq¼/ehZ iztk osQ fo#¼ dbZ dkuwu
ikl dj fn;s FksA yksxksa dks js'keh diM+s iguus dh eukgh FkhA u gh os gfFk;kj mBk ldrs Fks vkSj u gh lqlfTtr
?kksM+s dh lokjh dj ldrs FksA mUgsa uaxs ik¡o vkSj uaxs flj pyuk iM+rk FkkA bu lc ckrksa us jktk dks viuh
cq¼iwtd iztk osQ vanj vfiz; cuk fn;kA yksxksa us vius jktk osQ fo#¼ eqgEen fcu&dkfle osQ usr`Ro esa vjcksa
dk Lokxr fd;kA jktk nkfgj vjcksa osQ fo#¼ yM+rk jgk] vUr esa ijkftr gqvk vkSj ekjk x;kA mldk jkT;
fonsf'k;ksa osQ gkFk esa pyk x;kA
(vi) caxky dk jkT; % g"kZ dh e`R;q osQ ckn caxky ftlus dUukSt dh Js"Brk dks iwjh rjg ugha ekuk Fkk] ,d
vR;Ur gh Lok/hu jkT; cu x;k vkSj rc rd cuk jgk tc rd dUukSt osQ jktk ;'kksoeZu us bls fiQj ls ugha
thr fy;kA vkBoha 'krkCnh osQ igys vk/s esa fdlh le; xksiky us caxky esa iky oa'k osQ 'kklu dh uhao Mkyh
vkSj bUgha ikyksa osQ v/hu gh caxky us vk'p;Ztud 'kkfUr rFkk lq[k&le`f¼ izkIr dhA
(vii) usiky vkSj vklke % g"kZo/Zu dh ekSr osQ ckn mÙkj&iwoZ esa usiky vkSj vklke Hkh Lora=k jkT; cu x;s
FksA ijUrq nwjorhZ gksus osQ dkj.k os vkBoha 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk esa gekjs ns'k dh jktuhfr esa c<+&p<+dj Hkkx u
ys losQA

uksV~l izfl¼ jktk pUnzihM+ dk HkkbZ yfyrkfnR; Fkk ftlus 725 ls 755 bZ- rd 'kklu fd;kA

1-2-2 nf{k.kh Hkkjr osQ jkT; (States in Southern India)

(i) iYyoksa dk dk¡ph jkT; % nf{k.k esa lcls egku jkT; iYyoksa dk jkT; Fkk ftldh jkt/kuh oQk¡p FkhA
NBh 'krkCnh esa flagfo".kq iYyoksa dk 'kfDr'kkyh jktk Fkk ftlus vius lHkh nf{k.kh iM+ksfl;ksa dks ijkftr dj
fn;k Fkk vkSj pksy ns'k dks gfFk;k fy;k FkkA vkBoha 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk esa iYyoksa vkSj pkyqD;ksa osQ chp ,d
?kksj ;q¼ py jgk Fkk ftlesa vkf[kjdkj pkyqD; yksx fot;h gq, vkSj dk¡ph esa mUgksaus viuk 'kklu LFkkfir dj
fy;kA bl izdkj tc vjc yksx flU/ dks thr jgs Fks rks pkyqD; yksx iYyoksa dks dk¡ph jkT; ls ckgj fudkyus
esa yxs gq, FksA

(ii) ik.M;] pksy rFkk psj jkT; % nwj nf{k.k eas cgqr izkphu dky ls gh rhu egku jkT; cus gq, Fksµik.M;
jkT; ftlesa vkt dk enqjk rFkk f=kpukiyh 'kkfey Fks] pksy jkT; ftlesa vkt dk eSlwj rFkk enzkl 'kkfey Fks]
vkSj psj jkT; ftlesa vkt dk dksphu vkSj Vªkoudksj lfEefyr FksA ;s jkT; izk;% ,d&nwljs ls yM+rs jgrs vkSj
buosQ izns'kksa esa mFky&iqFky eph jgrh FkhA
fu"d"kZ (Conclusion)% flU/ ij vjcksa dh fot; osQ le; mÙkjh rFkk nf{k.kh Hkkjr esa iwQV vkSj >xM+s dh
n'kk cuh gqbZ FkhA ckn esa vkus okys rqdks± ls fHkUu :i esa vjc yksx ,slh voLFkk dk iwjk ykHk u mBk losQ vkSj
viuh fot; dks flU/ rFkk eqyrku osQ ikj u iSQyk losQA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

2- cgqfodYih; iz'u (Multiple Choice Questions)

(i) g"kZo/Zu dh e`R;q dc gqbZ\
(a) 647 bZ- (b) 547 bZ- (c) 947 bZ- (d) 447 bZ-

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