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bdkbZ—1: bLyke dk mn;

(ii) vkBoha 'krkCnh bZLoh osQ vkjaHk esa Hkkjr dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ jkT; dkSu Fkk\ uksV
(a) flU/q (b) dUukSt (c) caxky (d) ekyok

(iii) nqyZHk o/Zu fdl oa'k ls lacaf/r Fkk\
(a) izfrgkj oa'k (b) xqIr oa'k (c) djdksVk oa'k (d) pksy oa'k
(iv) fdlosQ le; esa viQxkfuLrku Hkkjr dk [k.M jgk Fkk\

(a) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (b) nqyZHk o/Zu (c) g"kZo/Zu (d) flagfo".kq
(v) iYyoksa dh jkt/kuh dgk¡ Fkh\
(a) fla/ (b) ekyok (c) dUukSt (d) dk¡ph

1-3 8oha 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk eas Hkkjr dh iz'kklfud] lkekftd] /kfeZd rFkk vkfFkZd
O;oLFkk (Administrative, Social, Religious and Economical
Conditions of India in the Beginning of the 8 Century)
th

ledkyhu ys[kdksa rFkk f'kykys[kksa osQ fooj.k ls ge] vkBoha 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk esa Hkkjr dh iz'kkluh;]
lkekftd] /kfeZd rFkk vkfFkZd n'kk oSQlh Fkh] bldk dkiQh Bhd vuqeku yxk ldrs gSaA
1-3-1 iz'kkluh; voLFkk (Administrative Conditions)

(d) osQUnzh; iz'kklu (Central Administration)
(i) jktk % bl le; rd x.kjkT; izk;% yqIr gks pqosQ FksA blfy, lkroha rFkk vkBoha 'krkCnh esa jktk'kkgh gh
yksdfiz; ljdkj Fkh vkSj ;g izk;% iSr`d FkhA ijUrq caxky osQ iky oa'k osQ xksiky rFkk dk¡ph osQ iYyo oa'k
osQ uUnhoeZu dk mnkgj.k ;g n'kkZrk gS fd dHkh&dHkh jktk jkT; osQ izeq[k rRoksa }kjk fuokZfpr Hkh gksrk FkkA
fL=k;ksa dks jktdh; flagklu dk mÙkjkf/dkjh cuus ls ugha jksdk tkrk FkkA dk'ehj vkSj mM+hlk osQ 'kkldksa esa
oqQN fL=k;ksa osQ uke Hkh bfrgkl esa vk;s gSaA jktk okLro esa ,d vf/uk;d gksrk FkkA mlosQ vius O;fDrRo esa
lHkh oS/kfud lapkyd U;k; lEcU/h rFkk lSU; 'kfDr;ksa dk lekos'k gksrk FkkA ijUrq funZ;h gksus dh rks ckr
NksM+ks] jktk yksx izk;% fgrS"kh euekuk'kkg gksrs Fks tks viuh iztk dh HkkSfrd HkykbZ dk lnSo è;ku j[krs FksA
(ii) ea=kh % jktk dks mlosQ jktdh; drZO;ksa osQ fuHkkus esa ijke'kZ rFkk lgk;rk nsus osQ fy, ,d eaf=keaMy Hkh
gqvk djrk Fkk] ijUrq jktk mudk ijke'kZ Lohdkj djus osQ fy, ckè; ugha FkkA eaf=k;ksa dh la[;k fu;r ugha gksrh
Fkh ijUrq cM+s&cM+s ea=kh izk;% bl izdkj osQ gksrs Fksµ
1- lfU/&foxzgd % ;q¼ rFkk 'kkfUr dk ea=khA
2- vj{k iV~y vf/Ñr % mYys[k vf/dkj ea=khA
3- vekR; % foÙk ea=khA

4- lqeUr % fons'k ea=khA
5- jktk iqjksfgr % /eZ ea=khA
oqQN ea=khin O;ogkj esa iSr`d cu x;s FksA fdlh Hkh ea=kh dk egÙo mldh le> rFkk bZekunkjh ij fuHkZj gksrk
FkkA

([k) LFkkuh; iz'kklu (Local Administration)% lkezkT; izkarksa esa c¡Vk gqvk Fkk ftuosQ fHkUu&fHkUu uke
FksµtSls HkqfDr] eaMy] nslk bR;kfnA izkar osQ eqf[k;k dks mikfjd dgrs Fks] ftldk eq[; dÙkZO; izkar eas 'kkfUr

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