Page 252 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

;fn ge lekt esa v{kj'k% lekurk ykus dk iz;Ru djsaxs rks blls vusd foÑfr;k¡ iSnk gks tk,¡xhA ;fn ge ijh{kk uksV
esa lc Nk=kksa dks leku vad nsus dh uhfr viuk,¡xs rks dksbZ Nk=ko`fÙk (Scholarship) iznku djus] mPp f'k{kk
;k lEekuiw.kZ O;olk;ksa esa izos'k nsus osQ fy, mi;qDr ik=kksa dk p;u oSQls djsaxs\ ;fn fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk osQ fy,
fo'ks"k iqjLdkj ugha gksxk rks vf/d ifjJe ;k lw>cw> ls dke djus osQ fy, dksbZ izksRlkgu
(Incentive) ugha jg tk,xkA ,slh gkyr esa gekjk lekt mu egku~ dykÑfr;ksa vkSj oSKkfud vkfo"dkjksa ls
oafpr jg tk,xkA ftuosQ fy, fujarj lk/uk vkSj yxu dh ”k:jr gksrh gSA
blosQ vykok] v{kj'k% lekurk ykus ls lekt oSQls Hkh mRÑ"V xq.kksa (Excellence) ls oafpr gks tk,xkA
,slh gkyr esa ge ok|o`an (Orchestra) osQ dykdkjksa esa ls oqQ'ky dykdkjksa dks ?kfV;k lk”k nsaxs vkSj vukM+h
yksxksa dks cf<+;k lk”k nsaxs] rkfd os ,d&tSlh vkok”k fudky losaQ! ge es/koh Nk=kksa dks ?kfV;k iqLrosaQ nsaxs] vkSj
eancqf¼ Nk=kksa dks cf<+;k iqLrosaQ nsaxs] rkfd mudk ijh{kk&ifj.kke ,d tSlk vk,A ge lqanj yM+fd;ksa dks Ük`axkj
ugha djus nsaxs vkSj ?kfV;k diM+s iguk,axs tcfd cnlwjr yM+fd;ksa dks ltk&l¡okjdj cf<+;k diM+s iguk,axs
rkfd lqanj vkSj vlqanj yM+fd;k¡ ,d&tSlh yxsaA D;k ge lekurk dh ,slh gkL;kLin ifjHkk"kk Lohdkj dj ldrs
gSa\
HksnHkko dk roZQlaxr vk/kj (Logical Grounds of Discrimination)

tSls Lora=krk dh ldkjkRed ladYiuk oqQN izfrca/ksa dks LoHkkor% Lohdkj djrh gS] oSls gh] lekurk dh
ldkjkRed ladYiuk Hkh oqQN HksnHkko vo'; Lohdkj djrh gS] 'krZ ;g gS fd ;g HksnHkko lekurk dh
iqf"V djs] mldk guu u djsA bl HksnHkko osQ nks ;qfDr;qDr vk/kj gks ldrs gaS% (d) HksnHkko dk dksbZ
roZQlaxr dkj.k vo'; gksuk pkfg,_ vkSj ([k) eqDr izfrLi/kZ dh fLFkfr esa de”kksj i{k dks oqQN NwV nh tkuh
pkfg, rkfd rkdroj i{k osQ eqdkcys mls uqdlku u mBkuk iM+sA
blesa igys fu;e ls ;g laosQr feyrk gS fd fdlh dks dksbZ Hkh vf/dkj iznku djus ;k u djus dk roZQlaxr
vk/kj vo'; gksuk pkfg,_ fdlh osQ lkFk euekus rkSj ij nwljksa ls fHkUu crkZo ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] erkf/dkj (Right-to-Vote) mu lcdks feyuk pkfg, tks mldk iz;ksx djus esa leFkZ gksa] tSls fd
izR;sd o;Ld dksA osQoy laiUu oxks± dks ;g vf/dkj iznku djuk vuqfpr gksxkA D;ksafd ernku dh {kerk
laifÙk osQ LokfeRo ij vkfJr ugha gSA oqQN gh n'kd igys rd oqQN ns'kksa esa fL=k;ksa dks erkf/dkj ls oafpr
j[kus osQ fy, ;g nyhy nh tkrh Fkh fd os iq#"k dh rqyuk esa fucZy gksrh gSaA ;g HksnHkko roZQlaxr ugha Fkk
D;ksafd erkf/dkj osQ iz;ksx esa nSfgd cy dk dksbZ egÙo ughaA nwljh vksj fof{kIr euq"; dks erkf/dkj ls
oafpr j[kuk roZQlaxr gksxk] D;ksafd mlls ernku osQ leqfpr iz;ksx dh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrhA blh rjg]
tc ;g dgk tkrk gS fd jks”kxkj vkSj edku dk forj.k djrs le; xksjs&dkys dk Hksn ugha djuk pkfg, rks
bldk eryc ;g gksrk gS fd dksbZ dke l¡Hkkyus ;k ekdku dk iz;ksx djus dh {kerk Ropk osQ jax ij vkfJr
ugha gSA blosQ vykok] dkys vkneh dks Hkh jks”kxkj vkSj edku dh mruh ”k:jr gksrh gS] ftruh xksjs
vkneh dksA vr% izLrqr lanHkZ esa Ropk osQ jax dks HksnHkko dk roZQlaxr vk/kj ugha ekuk tk ldrkA

roZQlaxr vk/kj dh dlkSVh mu lHkh ekeyksa esa ykxw djuh pkfg,A tgk¡ fdlh ,d oxZ dh dksbZ fo'ks"kkf/dkj
iznku fd;k tkrk gS vkSj 'ks"k oxks± dks mlls oafpr j[kk tkrk gSA vU;Fkk ;g HksnHkko ,slh fLFkfr dks tUe nsxk
ftlesa ,d oxZ dks nwljksa dk 'kks"k.k (Exploitation) djus dh NwV fey tk,xhA gsjYM ts- ykLdh us viuh
egÙoiw.kZ Ñfr ^n LVsV bu F;ksjh ,aM izSfDVl* (jkT; dk Lo:iµfl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj) (1935) osQ varxZr

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