Page 241 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV 12-1 Hkkjrh; la?kokn dk Lo:i (Nature of Indian Federalism)

Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh vuqie fo'ks"krk gS fd blesa la?kkRed rFkk ,dkRed nksuksa izdkj osQ lafo/kuksa osQ xq.k rFkk
y{k.k fo|eku gSaA ns[kk tk, rks blesa la?kkRed 'kklu&iz.kkyh osQ lHkh eq[; y{k.k fo|eku gSa] ijUrq bl ckr
ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd lafo/ku osQ izR;sd iUus ij ,dkRed Hkkouk vafdr gSA bl dkj.k Hkkjrh;
lafo/ku dh izo`Qfr lEcU/h iz'u ,d vR;Ur jkspd ppkZ dk fo"k; cu x;k gSA oqQN O;fDr dks la?kkRed jkT;
dgrs gSa rks oqQN bls ,dkRed Hkkouk okyk la?kkRed lafo/ku dgrs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj] ¶Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dk
<k¡pk rks la?kkRed gS ijUrq Hkkouk iw.kZrk% ,dkRed gSA¸ (“Indian Constitution provides for a federal
structure with unitary spirit.”)
lafo/ku dh /kjk (1) esa Hkkjr dks jkT; dk la?k (Union of States) dgk x;k gSA blesa ^la?kh; jkT;*
(Federation) osQ 'kCn dk dgha Hkh iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;kA blosQ nks dkj.k le>s tkrs gSaA igys rks gekjs ;gk¡
^jkT;ksa osQ la?k* dk fuekZ.k LorU=k jkT;ksa osQ vkilh le>kSrs dk iQy ugha gS tSlkfd la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
(U.S.A) dk la?kh; jkT; gSA gekjs ns'k esa ^jkT;ksa osQ la?k* dk fuekZ.k oSQusMk (Canada) osQ la?kh; jkT; dh
Hkk¡fr gqvk gSA ;gk¡ ,dkRed jkT; dks Hkax djosQ mlosQ LFkku ij jkT;ksa dk u;s fljs ls iquxZBu fd;k x;k rFkk
osQUnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ {ks=kkf/dkj laoS/kfud vk/kj ij 'kfDr;ksa dk foHkktu djosQ fuf'pr fd;k x;kA nwljs gekjs
lafo/ku esa iwoZ lksfo;r la?k dh Hkk¡fr jkT;ksa dks la?k ls vyx gkus dk vf/dkj izkIr ugha gSA bl <ax ls cuk,
x, ^jkT;ksa osQ la?k* esa osQUnz dk 'kfDr'kkyh gksuk LokHkkfod ckr FkhA

vkjEHk esa tc lafo/ku ykxw gqvk rks Hkkjr osQ ^jkT;ksa osQ la?k* esa pkj Jsf.k;ksa esa c¡Vs gq, 29 jkT; FksµHkkx ^d*
esa 10 jkT;] Hkkx ^[k* esa 8] Hkkx ^x* esa 10 vkSj Hkkx ^?k* esa ,dA ijUrq 1956 esa Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku esa gq,
lkrosa la'kks/u osQ vUrxZr jkT;ksa dk iquxZBu fd;k x;k vkSj pkj Jsf.k;ksa okys jkT;ksa dk vUrj lekIr djosQ
mlosQ LFkku ij nks rjg dh bdkb;ksa dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ] ,d ^jkT;* (States) vkSj nwljs osQUnzh; {ks=k (Union

Terriories)A bl le; esa 25 jkT; vkSj 7 osQUnzh; {ks=k gSaA
okLro esa Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh izo`Qfr lEcU/h bl fopkj&Hksn dk eq[; lzksr lafo/ku gh gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku
esa Hkkjr dks u rks la?kkRed rFkk u gh ,dkRed lafo/ku dgk x;k gSA vfirq bls ^jkT;ksa dk la?k* (Union of
States) dgk x;k gSA lafo/ku esa ,sls 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksx djus osQ mís';ksa dks Li"V djrs gq, MkW- vEcsMdj us
dgk] ¶Hkkjr dks jkT;ksa osQ la?k dk uke nsuk ykHknk;d gSA ,sls ukedj.k ls nks rF; Li"V gksrs gSaA izFke] Hkkjr
esa la?kh; 'kklu O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk fdlh le>kSrs dk ifj.kke ugha rFkk nwljs] Hkkjr esa la?kh; bdkbZ;ksa dks la?k
NksM+us dk vf/dkj ughaA vr% gekjk la?k ,d LFkkbZ rFkk vVwV la?k gSA¸ vr% lafo/ku osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr ,d
^jkT;ksa dk la?k* gSA bldh la?kkRed rFkk ,dkRed fo'ks"krkvksa dk vè;;u djosQ gh ge bldh okLrfod izo`Qfr
osQ fdlh Li"V ifj.kke ij igq¡p ldrs gSaA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fjDr LFkku Hkjsa (Fill in the blanks)
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1- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh vuqie fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa la?kkRed rFkk nksuksa izdkj osQ lafo/kuksa osQ
xq.k rFkk y{k.k fo|eku gSaA
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2- lafo/ku tc ykxw gqvk Fkk] rc Hkkjr osQ ^jkT;ksa osQ la?k* esa pkj Jsf.k;ksa esa c¡Vs gq, jkT; FksA
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3- la?kh; ljdkj dk lafo/ku gksrk gSA

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