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bdkbZ—12% U;k;ea=khμ dFkklkj] pfj=k&fp=k.k] lizlax O;k[;k
2- ,d ekl O;rhr gks x;kA U;k; ea=kh osQ U;k; vkSj lqizcU/ dh pkjksa vksj /we ep xbZA ,slk izrhr gksrk uksV
Fkk] tSls f'k'kqiky us uxj ij tknw Mky fn;k gSA mUgksaus pkjksa vksj MkoqQvksa dks ml izdkj o'k esa dj
fy;k Fkk] tSls liZ dks chu ctkdj lisjk o'k esa dj ysrk gSA mu fnuksa ;g voLFkk Fkh fd yksx njokts
rd [kqys NksM+ tkrs Fks] ijarq fdlh dks vanj >kadus dk lkgl u gksrk FkkA f'k'kqiky dk U;k; va/k vkSj
cgjk Fkk] tks lwjr u ns[krk Fkk vkSj n.M Hkh nsrk Fkk f'k{kk&iznA uxj dh n'kk esa vkdk'k ikrky dk
varj iM+ x;kA
O;k[;kμf'k'kqiky osQ U;k; ea=kh cuus osQ i'pkr~ ,d ekg dk le; xqtj x;kA ml ,d ekg osQ vUnj
'kklu&O;oLFkk esa vk, ifjorZu dk o.kZu gS fd oSQls f'k'kqiky osQ lqizcU/ osQ dkj.k jkT; esa U;k; vkSj 'kkfUr
cuh gqbZ gSA O;oLFkk esa yksxksa dk bruk vVwV fo'okl gks x;k fd yksx vius ?kj osQ njokts [kqys NksM+ nsrs FksA
vjktdrk uke dks u FkhA uxj dh fLFkfr esa gksus okys ifjorZu osQ dkj.k yksx cgqr izlUu FksA igys dh rqyuk
esa uxj bruk cny pqdk Fkk tSls vkdk'k&ikrky dk iQoZQ gksA
fo'ks"kμ1- lk¡i dks chu ctkdj o'k esa djus okys mnkgj.k esa miek vyadkj gSA
12-4 'kCndks'k
• balkiQμU;k;A
• d'ked'kμ[khapk&rkuh] vkarfjd la?k"kZ] lksp&fopkjA
12-5 vH;kl&iz'u
1. ^U;k; ea=kh* dgkuh dk lkjka'k vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
2. dgkuh osQ izeq[k ik=k f'k'kqiky osQ pfj=k ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu
1. 2. × 3. × 4.
12-6 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ
1- ltho dgkfu;k¡μ MkW- y{ehnkl [kqjkuk] ifCyosQ'ku C;wjks iatkc fo'ofo|ky;] p.Mhx<+A
2- fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgklμ MkW- uxsanz] e;wj isij cSDl] uks,Mk (;w-ih-)A
3- fganh dgkuh dk fodklμ e/qjs'k] yksdHkkjrh izdk'ku] fnYyhA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 131