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fJekJh^8L fe;kBh nzd'bB
fJekJh^8L fe;kBh nzd'bB
fJekJh^8L fe;kBh nzd'bB
fJekJh^8L fe;kBh nzd'bB
fJekJh^8L fe;kBh nzd'bB
• :{H ghH ns/ fpjko ft~u fIwhdkoK d/ P'PD d/ fto[ZX thoskg{oD nzd'bB ehs/ rJ/.1936 ft~u fpjko ft~u BØN
‘pkekPs* (nkg i'sh j'Jh) G{wh d/ fto[ZX nzd'bB nkozG ehsk frnk. ‘pkekPs* Uj G{wh j[zdh ;h, i'
fIwhdko dh nkgDh G{wh j[zdh ;h ns/ fi; ft~u'A fIwhdko c;b dk Gkr b?Adk ;h Bk fe XB.
• 18 nes{po, 1937 Bz{ fe;kB ;GktK B/ ;~fsnkrqjhnK s/ j'J/ n~fsnkuko d/ fto[ZX fe;kB fdt;
wBkfJnk.
• id'A 1937 ft~u b'efgqn ;oekoK pDhnK sK fe;kBK B/ fJBK s'A pj[s nkPktK o~yhnK, gqzs{ UBK Bz{
fBokPk j'Jh. nkgDhnK wzrK t~b fXnkB nkeofPs eoD bJh fpjko ftXkB ;Gk d/ nfXt/PB d/ gfjb/
fdB 23,000 fe;kB, ftXkB ;Gk GtB d/ n~r/ fJ~em/ j' rJ/. UBK dk Bkok ;h^ “;kBz{ gkDh fdU,
n;hA fgnk;/ jK, ;kBz{ o'Nh fdU, n;hA G[~y/ jK, ;kv/ ;ko/ eoI/ S~v fdU. ;kBz{ fIwhdkoK d/ P'PD s'A
pukU.@
• fe;kB ;Gk d/ nfstkdh (radical) s~s fJj ukj[zd/ ;B fe eKro; dhnK n;zs'Pg{oD BhshnK d/ ekoD
eKro; Bkb ;zpzX s'V fbnk ikt/, gqzs{ eKro; d/ B/sktK B/ ftd/PhnK fto[ZX J/esk pDkJ/ o~yh. d[yh j'
e/ ;tkwh ;fjikBzd B/ 1945 ft~u fe;kB ;Gk s'A fsnkrg~so d/ fd~sk fi;d/ cb;o{g fe;kB ;GktK
T[Zs/ efwT{fB;N gkoNh dk gqG[~st Sk frnk.
• ;kvh ;[szsosk d/ gfjb/ 10 ;kbK ft~u fszB gqw[~y fe;kB nzd'bB u~b/l pzrkb dk s/Gkrk nzd'bB,
j?dokpkd dk d~eD dk s/bzrkBk nzd'bB ns/ g~Swh Gkos ft~u tobh ftdo'j. s/Gkrk nzd'bB ft~u bzp/
ekb s~e tordko (c;b d/ Gkrhdko) nfXnko rohp fe;kB, i'sdkoK (XBh fe;kBK), ;kj{ekoK,
tgkohnK ns/ nzro/ih gqPk;eK d/ fto[ZX nzd'bB eod/ oj/. ;[joktodh dh ;oeko B/ fJ~e tordkoh
ftX/ne gkfos ehsk fi; Bkb GkNe d/DtkfbnK Bz{ okjs fwbh.
8H4 Ppde'P
8H4 Ppde'P
8H4 Ppde'P (Keywords)
8H4 Ppde'P
8H4 Ppde'P
• ekfco L i' y[dk Bz{ Bk wzBdk j't/, Bk;fse
• rkIh L Xow :'Xk, t~vk tho.
• wkbr[Ikoh L fJ~e gqeko dk eo i' fe;kBK s'A t;{fbnk iKdk ;h.
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
8H5 nfGnk; gqPB
1. 20thA Pskpdh d/ g{otkoX ft~u j'D tkb/ fe;kBh nzd'bBK dh ftnkfynk eo'.
2. wkfgbk ftdo'j dk ufo~so Xkofwe ;h. ftt/uBk eo'.
3. 1930 s'A 1940 d/ dPe ft~u j'D tkb/ fe;kBh nzd'bB dk toDB eo'.
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD (Answers: Self Assessment)
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
T[Zso L ;t^w[~bKeD
(1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (c) (4) (c) (5) (a)
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)
8H6 ;zdoG g[;seK
p[e; 1H ;[szsosk dk fJfsjk;, phH n?bH rqto ns/ :Pgkb, n?; uzd n?Av ezgBh fbH, okwBro fd~bh
Ø
2H ;[szsosk ;zrqkw, ftfgB uzdo, fjzdh wkfXnw ekoits, fBd/Pkfbnk fd~bh ftPtftfdnkbk
3H nkX[fBe Gkos, n?;H e/H gKv/, gq:kr nekdwh fJbkjkpkd
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