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fJekJh^9L Gkosh okPNoh eKro; dh ;EkgBk, j'wo{b nKd'bB, BowgzEh ns/ rowgzEh
fJekJh^9L Gkosh okPNoh eKro; dh ;EkgBk, j'wo{b nKd'bB, BowgzEh ns/ rowgzEh
fJekJh^9L Gkosh okPNoh eKro; dh ;EkgBk, j'wo{b nKd'bB, BowgzEh ns/ rowgzEh
fJekJh^9L Gkosh okPNoh eKro; dh ;EkgBk, j'wo{b nKd'bB, BowgzEh ns/ rowgzEh
fJekJh^9L Gkosh okPNoh eKro; dh ;EkgBk, j'wo{b nKd'bB, BowgzEh ns/ rowgzEh
w?Bz{ fJ; fog'oN d/ eJh yzv fdykJ/ rJ/, fi; ftu S'Nh–tZvh pj[s ;koh gqftPmhnK ;B–eJh soQK dh BØN
;{uBktK d/ nkXko *s/ fJj gqftPmhnK doi ehshnK rJhnK ;h. fJj iK s/ fJBQK ;{uBktK dk nzrq/Ih nB[tkd
;h iK nzr/qIh ftu T[BQK Bz{ ;zy/g ftu fby fdZsk frnk ;h. fJBQK ;kohnK ;{uBktK Bz{ fib/tko eqwpZX ehsk
frnk ;hHHH fejk iKdk j? fe T[; ;w/A shj jIko s'A th fInkdk w[ypoK d[nkok G/ih rJhnK ;{uBktK d/
nkXko *s/ fJj n;zy gqftPmhnK fJ; ft;skfos fog'oN ftu ehsh rJh ;h. T[BQK (fjT{w B/) fbfynk
j? fe fJ; fog'oN d/ fJj yzv f;oc fJe jcs/ se T[BQK d/ epI/ ftu oj/HHH fJ; ftu ehshnK rJhnK
fInkdkso gqftPmhnK ;wki d/ Bht/A spe/ d/ ftZu j'D tkbh rZbpks d/ nkXko *s/ fsnko ehsh rJh
dZ;hnK iKdhnK jB, ns/ fJBQK ;kohnK gqftPmhnK Bkb fJj gsk ubdk j? fe w"i{dk jkbks Bkb fJBQK rohp
b'eK ftu fBokPk xo eo rJh j? ns/ T[BQK Bz{ brdk j? fe G[Zy T[BQK Bz{ wko d/t/rh. j[D T[j e[M eoBk
'
ukj[zd/ jB, fJei[N jDk ukj[zd/ jB ns/ i' e[M T[j eoBk ukj[zd/ jB, T[j j? fjz;e ;zxoP. gVQ/–fby/ b'eK dk
fJe S'Nk tor th fJBQK b'eK d/ Bkb j?. fJj f;Zfyns spek szr nke/ PkfJd nB[fus o{g Bkb ;oeko d/ fto[ZX
j?. fJj f;Zfyns spek th nzd'bB ftu Pkwb j'J/rk, T[BQK Bz{ nrtkJh gqdkB eo/rk ns/ n;zs'y d/ ft;c'N
Bz{ okPNoh ftdo'j d/ o;s/ *s/ w'V d/t/rk.
bkbk bkigs okJ/ B/ jkbKfe fJ; feskp ftu T[XoD d/ fdZs/, ;Zs yzvK dh fJ; fog'oN d/ ufoZso ns/ T[sgsh
nkfd d/ pko/ *u T[BQK B/ e[M BjhA fbfynk ;h. b/feB pj[s ibdh jh fJ; fog'oN d/ pko/ ftu soQK–soQK dh
rZbK ;kjwD/ nkT[D bZrhnK. 1933 ftu r[ow[y fBjkb f;zx B/ fJBQK ;Zs yzvK Bz{ ‘;oekoh fog'oN’ dZf;nk,
s/ d{i/ gk;/ n?Avo{I ns/ w[yoih B/ fejk fe “fJj ;hHnkJhHvhH d[nkok fsnko ehsh rJh r'gBhn fog'oNK ;h”
ns/ fjT{w B{z fJj fog'oNK ‘T[BQK dh ;oekoh j?;hns’ d/ sfjs fwbh ;h. b/feB oiBh gkw dZs fJBQK ;kfonK
b'eK s'A th fJe edw nZr/ tZX rJ/. T[BQK B/ bkbk bkigs okJ/ d[nkok t/vopoB dh feskp Bkb T[Xfos nzPK
Bz{ eod/ j'J/ fbfynk, “fjT{w Bz{ T[BQK dh ;oekoh j?;hns d/ sfjs g[fb; dh fJj r'gBhn fog'oNK jk;b j'JhnK
;h.” fJBQK b'eK d/ fJ; eg'b–ebfgs ;kfyn Bz{ pknd d/ fJfsjk;ekoK B/ fiBQK ftu vcfoB B/ 1888 ftu
;?AN n?Avo{I fdt; T[s/ G'iB d/ ;w/A nkgD/ GkPB ftu ;kotifBe o{g ftu eKro; T[s/ nko'g brkfJnk ;h
fe T[j nkgD/ fBfjs ;tkoEK d/ bJh ;wkie ;[XkoK Bz{ BIonzdkI eo okiBhfse nzd'bB ubk ojh j?. T[BQK
dk efjDk ;h fe ;wkie ;[XkoK Bkb eo'VK b'eK dk Gbk j'J/rk. fJ; s'A gfjbK ftd/P ;fut d/ Bkw fJe fBih
fuZmh ftZu th vcfoB B/ fJjh rZbK fbyhnK ;B.
vcfoB d/ fBih d;skt/iK (fJj d;skt/i 1950 s'A jh b'eK d/ gVQD d/ bJh T[gbpX jB) i/eo fXnkB Bkb
gfVQnk ikt/ sK ;kc gsk ub/rk fe eKro; d/ rmB ftu vcfoB dh G{fwek iK eKro; Bz[ T[BQK d/ ;fj:'r dh
rZb fpbe[b M{mh j?. fjT{w B/ edh th ;wkie w[ZfdnK *s/ uouk d/ bJh p?meK eod/ oj/. fJ;dk ;p{s vcfoB
dk fJj gZso j? i' T[BQK B/ fjT{w Bkb gfjbh tko fwbD s'A pknd pzpJh d/ rtoBo bkov o/ Bz[ fbfynk ;h.
gZso ftu fbfynk ;hL fjT{w B/ w?Bz{ dZf;nk j? fe T[j ns/ T[BQK d/ fwZso fJe okiBhfse ;zw/bB nk:'is eoB
ik oj/ jB. fiZe/ se w?A ;wMdK jK, mhe T[;/ soK fit/A e?E'fbe ftw[esh s'A gfjb/ U e'B/b B/ ehsk ;h.”
id'A nkg vcfoB ns/ T[BQK d/ T[dkotkdh ;fj:'rh (pzpJh ns/ wdok; d/ rtoBo) th eKro; Bkb jwdodh
BjhA oyd/ ;h, sK T[BQK d/ o{Vhtkdh ;fj:'rhnK nbcq/v, i/HphH bkfJb, vhHn?wH tkb/;, J/H e'bftB ns/
n?;H;hH p/b/ dh rZb jh SZv fdT[.
1885 ftu T[BQK B/ o/ (Reay) Bz{ fuZmh fby e/ u/sktBh fdZsh ;h fe fjT{w dh eKro; s'A ;ktXkB oj'.
“;[XkotkdhnK ns/ dZyDgzEhnK ftu'A fe;/ d/ th bkr/ Bk ikU.” i{B 1885 ftu o/ B/ fJ;dk itkp
fbfynk. BthA okiBhfse ;orowh Bkb vo/ j'J/ o/ B/ vcfoB Bz{ Gkosh gqshfBXhnK s'A ;ktXkB ofjD bJh
fejk. T[BQK Bz{ bZfrnk fe Gkosh iBsk B/ fJe ‘Gkosh okPNoh db’ dk rmB ehsk j?. T[BQK B/ Gkosh
gqshfBXhnK dh s[bBk nkfJob?Av d/ gqshfBXhnK Bkb ehsh.
eh s[;hA ikDd/ jØ vcfoB B/ 1888 ftu jh gfjbh tko eKro; dh nb'uBk ehsh j't/, n?;h rZb BjhA j?. 1888
ftu T[BQK B/ o/ (Reay) Bz[ fbfynk ;h fe “n;hA eKro; Bz{ ;kps BjhA ofjD d/tKr/.”
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