Page 234 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^9L i/o/wh p/AEw{/

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1H dP ns ;fink ftu gek;fas T¤s beccaria d fBpX d fjdh nB[tkd
(i) 1764 (ii) 1765 (iii) 1763 (iv) 1785
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2H fejVk ;kb ftu pAEw dh ;kok nk:ks nkofefwvhi dh ;B;Bh d Bkb ;theko ehsk tkfenKP gKXk
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fBshesk ns ftXkB d fJe ;Gt BhAj d og ftu ehsk ik fojk j ?
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(i) 1776 (ii) 1771 (iii) 1775 (iv) 1770
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3H froik xo dh ;EkgBk T[¤s jwb ftu englandism d froi xo ftu nkfJnk
(i) 1817 (ii) 1816 (iii) 1818 (iv) 1819
4H p/AEw P[o{ eo fdZsk ns/ t/;Nfwµ;No ftZu ftZs g';DkHH.
(i) 1823 (ii) 1820 (iii) 1822 (iv) 1824
9H8 ;ko nzP (Summary)
• pAEw nBe ftukoK, i TABh;thA ;dh d Tdkotkdh ;gdkJ bJh eAdoh j rJ jB T¤Bs. fJj
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nikdh d GkPD ns g;, J;f;JPB d fbpoNh, tgko, ekƒB, iBsk dh okJ ftu PoXk d Pk;B
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bJh fJe jo, ;woEB bJh fJe dP tbA p;B bJh nikdh, ns wBwkBh ns fBoe; ;oeko tbA '
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nkIkdh dh nikdh d ;B. okiBhse ns ;ftXkBe besso, wskfXeko, ;Gt d og ftu d og
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ftu eJh beK ƒ eto eoD bJh Gkrhdkoh d dkfJo ƒ uvak eoD dh Ioos ftu nkgD ftPtk;
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ns eofwe ;XkoK ftu T;dh PoXk dk Je;NAPB bJh nkgD ;woEB bJh nkgDh gfspXsk
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Tdkotkd dh gkogoe XkoBk ftu nsLe;fags ;ofynk BtA ftukoK d ftnesh dhnK TwhdK T¤s /
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nkXkfos j.
• pAEw ekfJw ftuko fBns d Bkb nikdh dh ikfJdkd j, bfeB fJe ;wki fiE rohp jmbk
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;ofynk wik nkfJnk ns nwho wfj;; dh Xweh fdsh BjhA ehsk ;h fJj ;fB;fus eoD bJh
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ftok;s, d eokXkB d wkfXnw tbA g;k dh ;MkJh rJh eofwe gBoftsoD d ;pX. fJ;
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wsbp ftu, Tj efbnkDekoh oki d nkoEe nkXko jmK oyh.
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• ;ofynk T¤s pAEw fJekrosk nSk ;oeko dh fbys T¤s T;ƒ jmbk oki fiE ;ofynk jdk j '
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f;fynk, f;js ns efbnkD d ;doG ftu ns finkdk ftnkge og tbA roGtsh d og ftu
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urh soK tbA n;bh ikfJdkd s g;k (rosem 1990L 68) d tb fJe fJe wkvw besfoe ;wki
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bJh finkdk Tg:es dk lockean roGXkoB tbA go b ikD bJh ;woEktkB jDk ukjhdk j.
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• pAEw eofwe ;Xko ftu fJe dV ftPtk; ;h. Tj fJe eKsh dh fj;k ftu eJh ftPtk; ;h. fe
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;kwkie og tbA gogekoh ed BjhA ;h ns ftu fJokdk f;o| PPe ftu eM noG dk Tdkotkd
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ƒ pdbB ftZu fJZe wjZstg{oD G{fwek fBGkJh T[;d/ c?fbnk ;[Xko g?e/i (sabine 1973L 612).
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Tdkotkd d ftek; ftu nkgDk :rdkB ftftX ns eJh rDk ;B. Tj fJe rj jwb d ngufbs
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ftukoK ns gEktK T¤s wkTAN eoD bJh ftukoK d be, fjTw, montesquieu ns/ helvetius tb'A
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ftok;s ftu fwfbnk eod ;B. pknd pAEw, ;kT ;funk ftu ;GsA pVpbk esok Tg:rsktkdh
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f;XKsA T¤s nkXkfos ;h. Tg:rsktkd bkIwh og tbA fJe pohNhP xNBk, fJe doPB
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nBGtifB iKu, yPh, ftukoK dk J;f;JPB ns okiBhse ns nkoEe wkwbhnK bJh fJe ;kT {
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