Page 235 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

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ns wkBth dPfNeD T¤s nkXkfos ;h.
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• pAEw Tg:rsktkdh f;XKs BjhA etb ;kT gtuB dk tou;t j?, bfeB th ftfbnw Ekµg;B
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(1785^1833) dh noµG dk ;wkitkdh fbykJh tb'A gqGkfts. tk;st ftZu, beatrice t/p
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(1858^1943) pAEw f;vBh tp d og ftu ;theko ehsk (1859^1947) pfXe rkvckdo, jkbKfe
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fabIns ;GsA tvh frDsh dh ;GsA tvh yPh d f;XKs ƒ ;theko BjhA ehsk. dh soK pAEw,
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fabIns ;µ;Ekrs iKu ns/ ;kwkie gBofBowkD tb'A gfjbK nkbuBk bJh sZsekb bV wfj;;
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ehsk. Tj nBGtsktkdhnK ;B. pAEw dh soK, Tj f;fynk ;Xko d eh;NB d og ftu wfBnk
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iKdk j. fabians, utiliarians, fitA fJe nB;XkB ;wki d g;ko dk bkGdkfJe i jbh^jbh we /
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dh Tvhe eoBtkbk ;wki dh Xoh pB frnk frnkB d bJh, ;wki d pknd pattemed dk gqpµX
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ehsk. Tj :Bhtof;Nh ekbi d Bkb iva ;B, ns 1895 ftu noE Pk;so d bdB ;eb dh
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;EkgBk ehsh. 1912 ftu Tj fBT ;NN;wB Po eo fdsk. dBK tiliarians ns fabIns ;;d dh
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gotP ns widk wpoK d ogKsoD ftZu ftPtk; ehsk. b/feB fabIns p/AEw dh nkoEe ;ZwM
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ewio d og ftu ykfoi eo fdsk. pAEw ed pjs fInkdk nkoEe ftPbPD dh T;dh PeshnK
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dk ;funk bJh jkbKfe, fJj jokBh dh rb, BjhA ;h. dBK edosh nfXekoK d f;XKs ƒ
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ngtkBrh eo fdsk. pAEw fBTNB dk Beb eoDk ukjdk ;h, idA fe fabIns, wkoe;, fitA /
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ukob; okpoN vkoftB (1802^1885), dnkok gfos ;B ns dBK edosh ftfrnkB d fJe ;wkB
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dk T;koh eoD dh wr ehsh.
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• eJh toswkB ftdtkBK dhnK ePPK bJh XBtkd, fJj fgSb T¤s pAEw ns finkdk ;u d Bkb
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pohNhP ;wPfNtkd d ebgsh ftneshtkd d fgsk tbA th fejk ik ;edk fe ;gPN jdk ik fojk
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j. fabians chadwick ns forster d ifoJ pAEw dh gsy nbkd ;B. i bartlet bner,
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Tg:rsktkdh fwEe d gkfJfBno devunkers tbA fJe gSdk j foekov d og ftu, tk;st
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ftu, eh T¤sokoX fdB pAEw ites bfeB fabIns ;B< (we 1955L 88).
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• 1820 ftZu p/AEw ;µftXkBe f;ZXKs j?, i' T[gd/PK T[¤Bs ns/ wjkB fwnkd ;µftXkBe ;'funk ns/
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nfGnk; d ;wA nwoheh ns coAu eoKsh:A d nk;gk; dhnK nkbuBktK ntP;fas eoD bJh
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fJe BtK dPfNeD gdkB ehsh j. Tj eoD bJh fJ; widk f;XKs BjhA etb fJe BthA BhAj, b /
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feB fJj th fJe BthA Pesh dk fIwdko e;os d ;pX ftu gPk;Bh ns ekƒBh ;rmB T¤s Io
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fdsk. pAEw dhnK ioosK ns fJSktK nkXfBe besfoe oki d TAwhd ;edk j ;ofynk, rikok,
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pjskfJs ns ;wkBsk ƒ Pkfwb eoD bJh ekƒB d f;oK dh ntXkoDk dnkok, ns fJ; Be
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nrfow eoD bJh okiBhse ;ouBktK dh goebgBk dnkok, (fwbo 1987L 39^40).
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• dod tbA okjs ns fe ;ko nkdwhnK d ;y d pokpo ;BwkB ns fXnkB, ns idA se fJj
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d;ohnK dh yPh ftu dyb fdsk Tj d Bkb dyb BjhA j ikDk ukjhdk j BjhA fe jedko ;B
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nkroj T¤s ;ofynk, gdkB eoD T¤s pAEw Tg:rsktkd dk Io ;h. fJj ;u j fe Tj nkswe
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ftu BjhA rVk ;h iK pfXe fB:w yPh j, bfeB T; ewh dh ftnesh dh yi dh ieo fJj fJe,
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;h dnkok ehsk frnk i J; ueh, i ftnesh ƒ nkswe ;h fe nikdh ns pfXe ;sPiBe dk
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fJe roGXkoB dh gPeP ehsh ;h. ueh ;PfXs ns pAEw Tg:rsktkd, sksekfbe, bfeB
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