Page 238 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^10L ikoi ftbj/w co/vfou j/r/b{/

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;kwoki ƒ jokfJnk ns pknd ftu 1806 ftu fJe ns PeshPkbh iowB oki, prussia ƒ jokfJnk. jko
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d ;wA ftu jrb prussia d fJe fBtk;h ;h ns fJe fij eo; ftu TAwhd jtrk fe ;woEB ns prussia
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itkB jrb dh jwdodh bJh jtrk. bfeB, jos dh rb j, T;dh gP;k BgfbnB bJh ehsk frnk ;h,
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Tj BgfbnB d csfj nfGnkB ns tou;t dk ;tkrs. ;wokN BgfbnB bJh gP;k dh eb ;h, feTAfe
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Tj fJe gso ftu fbfynk dBhnk nkswk^wA eoD bJh nkgD ;fBeK dh ;fwfyne eoD bJh Pfjo d /
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wkfXnw tbA ;tkoh tfynk ;h, fJj tk;st ftu fJe pjs nSk br fojk j fJe nfij ftnesh i, fJE /
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fJe ftu eAdfos Jeb fpdh, fJe xV T¤s pmk j, dBhnk Go ftu pkjo se gidk j ?
idA BgfbnB Pk;B ehsk, Tj jrb dh gP;k nofis ehsh j ns idA Tj 1814 ftu jokfJnk ;h, jrb
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bJh fJj fJe sok;dh ;h, fJe gshGk ;kwkfBfJsk dnkok gok;s. BgfbnB dh gP;k ftu fJ; fwnkd d /
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iowB okiBhse f;XKs dk fJe pjs jh wjstgoD xNe j, fJ;d ekoB d nkXko T¤s nkXfBe oki ns /
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;wki d gpX dk ;tkb d Bkb fBpVB T¤s wYbh fXnkB d Bkb ns dh nikdh d fjsK dh fe wsbp
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fjckIs T¤s gekP gkfJnk ftnesh. gpXsk fcbk;|h r;k ns coK;h;h eKsh d ftukoK tbA actualized
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ehsk frnk ;h. fJE se fe pknd ;skg eKsh dh GktBk dh fJ; pBsh bJh nrtkJh BjhA ehsk ;h,
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jkbKfe ;skg jh rGho og tbA iowB ftukoeK dnkok nkbuBk ehsh ;h. gf;X tke j fe fJe ftPP ;wK
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ns ;EkB T¤s okiBhse wdhnK j iowB ftukoeK dh y'i ;kwstkd d TBwbB d Bkb fJe nkXfBe
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nkdP pDkTD d TdkjoD d dnko ehsk frnk ;h ns ftueko tor ns eAdo gXo T¤s ftnesh gk.
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ftfrnkB ns frnkB ftu ftPtk; d Bkb, fJe okiBhse ekoB d/ nkXko T¤s nkdP dBK g;;k:r ns /
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ukjD :r tfynk. fsnko eoD dh ;fNr iowBh d foPsdko fgSVgD d pko ftu ikroesk d pkjo
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nkfJnk ns/ wµi{oh j? fe fJe pkjoh J/iµ;h iowBh ftZu fJZSs spdhbh ns/ fJ;bJh jr/b ftZu B/g'fbnB
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bJh pBsh, fJe fsB BkfJeK d pko ftu fbnkTD bJh Iooh ;h jo ehsk ik fojk j, ;eoks ns ifbn;
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;hio d'. j/r/b extremities ns eKsh dhnK finkdshnK, robiespierre ;skg TdkjoD liquidating
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dnkok ns Iooh nkdP ns ekƒB d Pk;B d j i wjkB T¤s ftef;s eoD bJh Td:re TsgkdB dh
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nkfrnk gdkB eoe ftnesh i nr coK;h;h eKsh d n;bh grshPhb ss ehsk iKdk j d og ftu B /
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gfbnB, wfBnk iKdk j o|sko. jrb ;wfMnk eh pknd ftu ;wkitkdhnK ns ftPbPD dh eAdoh gXo
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T¤s gk wkoe;tkdhnK, nkXfBe Td:re ;fGnsk dh ;woEk dh Ioos j ns jo fJe ftnesh dhnK
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fJSktK ƒ gok eoD d bJh. ;AN ;kfJwB, covfoe Jrb; (1820^1895) B dik ;GsA encydopeadic
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wB pdb jrb d og ftu tofDs th fJe nkikd ns soe;rs ;wki dh ;EkgBk dh ;GktBk ƒ beK ƒ
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fgnkok pDkTD fJ; eKshtkdh ns Td:re gfoehnk d fJe ;ekokswe Bshi d og ftu ekoB d nkXko
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T¤s ehsk frnk ;h,. wBy ekoB jrb d Io T¤s fJ; BthA ;u ns nkPktkd, fJe BtA ns pyaskto
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;kwkie ftt;Ek d T;koh dhnK ;GktBktK d dnko pDkJh rJh d ;doG ftu ;wfMnk ik ;edk ;h. TBK Q
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d ;ko wjstgoD ntXkoDktK nikdh, ftPk, wB ns XkoBk wBy ;wMdkoh ftu fJ; unshakeable
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ftPtk; T¤s nkXkfos ;B. coK;h;h eKsh d TBK d T;ss th dV ftPtk; j fe dBK d ekoB ns mhe
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eKsh d fcbk;|o nkXko dnkok ;Ekgs ehs rJ ;B tbA emanted.
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fJe wjstgoD spdhbh j fe got eKshtkdh ftPtk; ;ouBk tbA fJ; soK dh ;wM ftu gkfJnk ik ;edk
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;h fe T¤E ;wekbh n;bhns dk eJh nkgD nkgL iK yoykj wioh ;h, d og ftu fJj ;theko ehsk frnk
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