Page 292 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
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fJekJh^12L ekob wkoe;L tor ;µxoP ns/ ;kwkie spdhbh ns/ nfXP/P w[Zb d/ f;XKs


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        ftPPsktK ;B. gfjbk, Tj widk ew ftykfJnk d og pbK j fe wBy ekp tbA pkjo ;B ftu tV rJ.
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        jkbks wBwkfBnk BjhA ;B, bfeB nkgD nkg d wBkcak bJh beK d eM torK dnkok ;Ekgs. dik, ftukoK
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        dh ftnkfynk fetA widk nkdP ;wki ftu jo eJh bkGKfts. shik, ftukoK ƒ fJe yk; soK tbA ckfJd /
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        wd j, noEks gwy nkoEe tor d fjsK ƒ pVktk dD bJh ns tor ftPPkfXekoA dh ofynk d og ftu
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        widk eqw ftykfJnk. n;bh jehes b[ek jfJnk j, i wkoe; Mm usBk d og ftu tofDs ehsk frnk
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               Pk;e tor d ftukoK ƒ jo :r ;skoYa ftukoK ftu jBL tor j i ;wki d ;skoYa
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               ;kwroh io j, :kBh, fJe jh ;wK ftu nkgDh ;skoYa pfXe io T¤s j. tor j i '
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               nkgD fBgNkB ftu ;kwroh d TsgkdB dk wsbp j, wkBf;e TsgkdB d ;kXBK T¤s /
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               fJe jh ;wK ftu ekp j, fJBk j fe fJ; soK nkw so T¤s pb fojk jK, TBK i wkBf;e
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               TsgkdB d ;kXBK dh ewh d ftukoK d nXhB jB. foPsk i fJe tor fJe ;skoYa j, ?
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               fJ;bJh nkgD gGst d ftukoK fJ;bJh, ;skoYa ftukoK gwy ;kwroh foPs, gwy
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               ;kwroh ftukoK d og ftu ;wfMnk foPshnK d nkdoP goekPB tbA fInkdk eM BjhA
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               eo oj jB.
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        ftukoXkok, nkoEe fBnshtkd ns tor ;xoP d Bkb Bkb, fJe ;kwkie eKsh d pko ftu fbnkTD dhnK
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        ePPK ftu Pofwe tor bJh oDBhshe rkfJv gdkB ehsh j.
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        wkoe; gihtkd d ekoeK dnkok gfoGk fPs ehsk frnk j, gfjbh tko widoh fwjBs d tos d dnko.
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        okiXkBh ftu, TBKB fejk fe gihtkd gdk jdh j idA etb TsgkdB ns riko d ;kXB d wkfbeK niakd
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        wido nkgDh fwjBs Pesh tuD d Bkb pkiako ftu fwbD. gihtkd d nkXko widoh fwjBs ;h.
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        gihtkd dh dih ftPPsk gfoGk fPs TsgkdB, i xo dk gGkt ns xo dh soK fBih ikfJdkd tbA ty
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        ehsk frnk ;h wsbp j dh fBih ;tkfwst ;h. TsgkdB d ;kXB d ;tkfwst gihtkd dh wjstgoD ftP /
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        Psk ;h, bJh fJj eM eoD bJh gshpfXs ehsk frnk ;h. i eM th nkgD nkg dk BjhA ;h TBK d fwjBs
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        Pesh tuD bJh wipo ehsk frnk ;h ns sBykj noie pB rJ. ftuko j fe fwjBs etb rohpK dh
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        ikfJdkd ;h ftfbnw cobbett (1763^1835) tb'A gkgs ehsk frnk ;h. wfXfnT[rhB ftgohs guilds-
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        men, Tj nkgD nkg d bJh, bfeB d;ohnK bJh ew BjhA ehsk. wkoe; wBkfJnkL
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               nkdwh j i nkgD fwjBs Pesh dh sbDk ftu eJh jo ikfJdkd d eb j, ;wki ns /
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               ;;fesh d ;ko goh;EshnK ftu, jo beK ƒ, i nkgD nkg ƒ fwjBs dh ;kwroh
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               PosK d wkfbe pDk fdsk j dk rbkw jDk ukjhdk j. Tj etb TBK dh nkfrnk d Bkb
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               ew eod jB, fJ;bJh TBK dh nkfrnk d Bkb jh ofj ;ed j.
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        Gotha (1875) gorokw dh nkbuBk ftu, wkoe; ofynk jfJnk j fe Gb jh oki d TsgkdB d ;kXB d /
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        ;tkfwst, widoh fwjBs jD th ikoh ojrk. fJj n;bh ;wkitkd, bfeB gihtkd, noEks oki gihtkd
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        d fJe BtA pdbkt dk BjhA ;h. eJh nkbueK ne;o fJj dbhba fdsk j fe got ;ftns ;x d fJe ;u /
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        ;wkitkdh oki BjhA ;h, bfeB oki gihtkd d fJe nfsnkukoh, BP; og.
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