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fJekJh^12L ekob wkoe;L tor ;µxoP ns/ ;kwkie spdhbh ns/ nfXP/P w[Zb d/ f;XKs


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        do tbA 19 thnK Pskpdh se, gihtkd jh ;fEo j. fJfsjkf;e xNBktK wkoe; fNgDhnK, i 20 thnK
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        ;dh ftu sih tbA ngufbs j frnk eJh nkdo :r Bjh j. fJ; d fJbktk, T¤E wkvb j i ;h fe Tj
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        ;ukJh fJj j fe gihtkd d fJe Bcos ;wkitkd bJh nrtkJh dh iaoos BjhA j (d og ftu fJj eo
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        ;edk) jo okiBhse fdPktK b dk ;frnkB bD ftu n;cb fojk j ftu fJe pfBnkdh ykwhA ;h. besso,
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        ftnkge ;kwkie ;ofynk eto ns fwjs efbnkD ekƒBK d ;ukbB ew dhnK jbksK ns wido tor dh
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        jkbs ftu ;Xko jfJnk ;h. ;otjkok tor jD nkgD fgSb gVkn ftu wid j. widoK d nfXekoK d /
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        ftef;s dPK ftu, Tj Propriteors oj j.
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        1890 ftu Bernstein, mhe jh wfBnk iKdk j fe wkoe;tkdh Gft fPntkDhnK d eJh ngufbs j frnk.
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        TBKB fejk fe fe;kB^tor ns wX tor rkfJp BjhA ;B. bx gPk ;rmBK, BjhA dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ;h
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        ns Td:re ekwekih tor iB;fynk dk Gkoh pjws BjhA j fojk ;h. fJ;d pikJ, iB;fynk dk fJe
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        pjs Gkr BjhA gihgsh ns BjhA jh ;otjkok ;h. ;rA, wX tor ftu tkXk T¤s ;h. Pofwe tor d /
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        wpoK d fJbktk, wApoh ns ;kwkie besfoe dbK bJh tN ftu sih tbA ftek; iooh ;wkitkd bJh fe; /
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        th fJSk dk ;es BjhA ;h. PofweA ƒ wsdkB ns eJh goh soK ;wkitkd bJh fJe gfspXsk d fJbktk
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        jo ekoDK bJh ;kwkie vweoN ftu Pkfwb j rJ. Bernstein th Pofwe tor dh ;woEk d TsgkdB d /
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        ;kXB d ekp epb gSfrS ehsh.
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        tp, i B fejk ;h fe ;jekoh d yaokp BwkfJP d nkgD fJe jE ns ekfonkswe ns di jE T¤s /
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        nfXeko d GdGkt gdkBeow bJh dh iaoos T¤s besfoe ufoso dh tik tbA jJh ;h. tbA goBk bAd jJ /
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        fJe, Bernstein ftuko d n;Gt wr gpXe dh Tj TBK beK dk gopXB d eowukoh ik fojk j fe Tj
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        TBK d gy ns TBK d GVk r;k T¤s nkgDh jkbs bJh fBoGo jDk ukjhdk j. fJ; fNgDhnK d nkXko T¤s /
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        Bernstein eowukohnK d ftu eKshtkdh vxh ukj dh ewh d tb fJPkok ehsk. ;PXBtkd d nkoEe ns /
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        okiBhse gGkt dk ftPbPD eoD d pikJ, tbkfdwho IIIyich Ulyanob bfBB (1870^1924) B djokfJnk
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        ns gihtkd d wkoe;tkdh nkbuBk, i 19 thnK ;dh d ns se nkgDh gk;fresk yj fdsk ;h ns sK
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        ns/ fInkdk dh P[o[nks tb'A ftt/fus 20.
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        fJj wkoe;tkdh f;XKs d nXL gsB ƒ pdBkw eoDk nkeoPe j ;edk j feTAfe :og ftu fJe Nkeo s /
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        gSV dP ftu eKsh j fe wkoe; dh GftytkDh jJh besso dk eJh got gogok d Bkb jtrk. bfeB fJj
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        th UBk jh ;u j fe :og dh T¤Bs Td:re besfoe ysoK d fe; ftu fJe n;bh wkoe;tkdh eKsh dk
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        eJh ;GktBktK ;B. wkoe; noE Pk;so gihtkd d 19 thnK ;dh d ftPP pokfJ:A bJh fJe gshfeonk
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        d og ftu df;nk frnk j.
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        12H4 oki d/ ftPb/PD (Analysis of the State)
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        wkoe; ;whyeK dk nfXeko jrb doPB (1843) d pko ftu TBK dh nkbuBk ftu nkXfBe oki ns fJ;d /
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        ;;EkBK d jrhfbnB f;XKs Dissected. jrb Bkrfoe ;wki ns oki d idkJh d etb fJe ftPP
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        fJfsjkf;e ;doG d pko ftu TBK dh XkoBk ftu go;r dk ;h. oki ;dhth BjhA ;h. fJj ns ftu
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        rkfJp j iktrk. wkoe; th ;h oki dh jrb ftPbPD d wjstgoD j. oki d og ftu BjhA ;h jrb
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        tofDs j, Xosh T¤s GrtkB d wkou, bfeB gwy nkoEe tor d fJe ;kXB d PPD ns ;wki d jo
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