Page 300 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
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fJekJh^12L ekob wkoe;L tor ;µxoP ns/ ;kwkie spdhbh ns/ nfXP/P w[Zb d/ f;XKs


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        fB:w, eowukohnK dh ;bkj d eoD bJh oki T¤s epik eoD d bJh, gokD tor d ;ko ftPPkfXekoA ƒ
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        BPN eoD d bJh ns oki d nsw pgsk jD bJh fsnko eoD d pko ftu rb ehsh ;h.
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        n;h T¤s tfynk j fe Pofwe tor dnkok eKsh ftu gfjbK edw bJh Pk;e tor dh jkbs bJh ;otjkok
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        tor tXk j, besso dh bVkJh fis jHHH ;otjkok tor dk tos nkgD okiBhse ;otusk fvroh dnkok
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        jfEnkT, gihgsh tor tbA ;ko okiXkBh, oki, Pk;e tor d og ftu nkifis ;otjkok tor dh :kBh,
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        d jEK ftu TsgkdB d ;ko ;wrohnK eAdo;E ns Tsgkde dh eb tkX d og ftu sih d og ftu ;Gt
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        forees.
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        wkoe; ns Jrb; nkPt;s ;B fe widk okiK, tor tou;t ns TsghVB, iK ;wki d go T¤s    /
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        BeoPkjh gogPh dnkok Pk;B d ;wrohnK d og ftu ;tGkte wips ns nbg ;fyne SN, goGkth
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        ns PeshPkbh oyD tor d fjsK dk soiwkBh eoD okiK ofjBk jtrk fe eh. fJj etb idA ;otjkok
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        pjws oki ;ouBk ƒ ips eo fbnk j fe mhe wknB ftu besfoe ns majoritarian oki pB frnk. i '
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        th cakow oki epb ehsk ik ;edk j, fJj PeshPkbh ;h ns ;otjkok tor bJh idA fe fJ;dh eKsh
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        pDkTD d Bkb ;xoP eoDk jtrk. nkgD ihtB d pknd d fj; ftu, wkoe; bkiawh eoD bJh oki ƒ
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        BPN eoD ns ;otjkok tor dh skBkPkjh ;Ekgs eoD dh bV d gsh nkPt;s ehsk frnk ;h. nkoGe
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        uoDK ftu, 1789 dh coK;h;h eKsh d TdkjoD d wB ftu n;o j, Tj eKshtkdh ;otjkok tor dnkok
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        widk oki wPhB d fJe ipsh gfsnk fPs bJh Tj wDd j fe okiBhse eAdoheoB eKshtkdh gfoehnk
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        ftu ;jkfJsk eoDr.
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        oki d noG dk epik Eh;h;, bfeB, pknd ftu sva Eh;h; bJh fwb jB. got dPfNeD xPDkgso ftu
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        ftnes ehsk frnk ;h, fiE widk oki ;ouBk TsgkdB ohsh ftu eKsh bJh fJ;swkb ehsk iktrk.
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        caoK; ftu Bkrfoe bVkJh ns gotha gorokw dh nkbuBk ftu ;gPN og ftu, sva Eh;h; goh;
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        communards dk nBGt eoD bJh itkp ftu ftnes ehsk frnk ;h. fJe feskp d nk;gk; fbysh
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        ;fwfyne ftu 1848^1849, wkoe; B fejk j fe oki d ftBkP ewhTBh;NK bJh etb fJe fBfjskoE,
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        noEks fJe jo tor d dwB bJh fJe tor dk fJe ;rfms Pesh dh ns ;h.
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        xPDkgso ftu wkoe; fi; ftu torK ns T;d antagonisms rkfJp jdk j fJe d og ftu efwTfB;N
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        ;wki dh edos dk toDB ehsk. poink ;wki dnkok gsh;Ekfgs ehsk iktrk ;x, fi; ftu jo fJe d /
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        niakd ftek; ;ko d niakd ftek; d bJh Pos j. TsgkdB d ;kXB ;wkfiesk d/ tosA d bJh, 10
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        TgokbhnK dh fJe ;uh oyKfes ehsk frnk ;h, i dP dP tbA fGB jdk j, bfeB i fJe efwTfB;N
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        ;wki bJh iaooh iaooh PosK ;B. fJj d; TgokbhnK d og ftu fJ; geko ;B.
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        1H Tsfonk ns ;kotifBe TdPK bJh dP d ;ko feokJ dh ikfJdkd bJh nktdB gso d TBwbB.
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        2H fJe Gkoh grshPhb iK doidko dh TgkfX gkgs ewkJh eo ns ftok;s d ;ko nfXekoK d TBwbB.
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        3H ;ko gtk;hnK ƒ ns ftdojhnK dh ikfJdkd dh ipsh.
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        4H oki d jEK ftu eoik dk eAdoheoB.
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        5H oki d jEK ftu NK;goN d ;kXB d eAdoheoB.
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        6H ekoykBhnK ns oki d ;tkfwst tkbh TsgkdB d ;wrohnK dk ft;Eko.
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        7H fwjBs eoD bJh ;ko dk ;wkB coi.
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