Page 304 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^12L ekob wkoe;L tor ;µxoP ns/ ;kwkie spdhbh ns/ nfXP/P w[Zb d/ f;XKs

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skBkPkjh eM th BjhA ehsk ik ;edk j wb yKdh j.
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wkoe; d wskpe, gfjbK gVkn ftZu (iK xN) jD th jtrk ey fi;dk fJj T¤Go tbA gokD ;wki d /
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fBPkB d Bkb wjo brh ;edk j. ygseko t;sK d ;pX d Bkb tv d f;XKs jD th BwkfJP d f;XKs
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jtrk. di gVkn ftu, TsgkdB guo wksok ftu j ;edk j ns tv fJe dh iaoos d nkXko T¤s jtrk.
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tv d f;XKs jo fJe tbA nkgDh ioosK d fj;kp tbA jo fJe bJh nkgD ;woEk d nB;ko jtrk. fJ;
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f;XKs Po troudhon dnkok T¤Bs ehsk frnk ;h. bfBB ;wkitkd ns ;kwtkd jbh jbh d og ftu fJ;
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d uoDK dh ftPPsk j.
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di gVkn ftu, fwjBs d ftGkiB ƒ yasw eo fdsk ikDk j fe jo fJe ftnesh nkgD nkg ƒ fJe Jeb
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ihtB ekoi bJh ;wogs jtrk. efwTfB;N og ftu iowB ftukoXkok ftu fusfos ;wki ftu, wkoe;
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nk; ftnes ehsh j fe jo fJe Tj ukjdh j fe; th Pkyk ftu gok j ;edk j, fJe ftnesh ƒ ;to ftu
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fPeko eoD bJh dgfjo ftu wSh dh fJikis fdsh, Pkw ftu fgS gP, oks d ykD d pknd nkbuBk, p;
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d og ftu Tj ed fJe fPekoh, wSo, uotkjk, iK nkbue pBD d fpBK fJe wB j. ikfJdkd d /
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ftneshrs ns fBih ;tkfwst dk n;shst yasw j iktrk ns ;kwkie ;tkfwst dnkok gsh;Ekfgs.
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wkBf;e ns ;ohoe fwjBs d ftu ftoXh Eh;h;, yasw eo fdsk ikDk jtrk bJh fwjBs BjhA etb ihtB
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dk fJe ;kXB pB iktrk, bfeB fJj th fJe ihtB d gXkBwsoh ukjd j. Tj ;kwtkd d nkfdw iK eu /
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;kwtkd Bkb T¤u cakow, fJfsjkf;e Gfsetkd dh gfoehnk ftu gfjbK gVkn d ftgohs j. nkfdw
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;kwtkd ;ko dh b'V d nB[;ko fwjs, nosK d ;ko/ ftneshrs gqshGk d jmK gXok ns ;KgqdkfJfe
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;tkfwst signified ehsk frnk ;h, bkiawh og tbA wBy Py;hns dk fJe wBkjh dk ;es j. fJ;
;ko/ ;j{bsK ƒ nµsw eµfwT[fB;N ;wki ftZu nB[g;fEs j't/rk.
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wkoe; wA wBy fJsjk; d pknd d eKshtkdh gVkn ftu d;ok gVkn bJh or wu tbA spdhbh d sso,
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fetA gVkn wA d;ok gVkn ftu ftef;s eoDk ukjd jK d og ftu rGho Pe eoD bJh nkr fBofdPN
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BjhA ehsk j ns eh fJ;ƒ ftef;s og ftu eoDk. fJ; gfoehnk d pknd tbA BjhA ;wMkfJnk frnk ;h,
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gow TdP j fe jo fJe d niakd ftek; ;ko d niakd ftek; bJh nrtkJh eoDr ed ;gPN ;DB :frn
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BjhA j ;edk j.
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nfws duhring, Jrb; oki d ejbks ns ;ukJh fJj j fe nkdwhnK dh ;oeko uhiK dh gPk;B dnkok
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gsh;Ekfgs ehsk iktrk, fJe ftfbnw wkfo; (1834^1896) tb'A TXko tkfenKP dh XkoBk dh Ponks
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ehsh. Jrb; B iao de fejk fe oki ƒ yasw eo fdsk ikDk BjhA jtrk, bfeB fJj ewbkTDk iktrk. J /
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µrb; Gfty d ;wki dh edos T¤s Sve, wkoe;, nkroj j fe fJj fe wjstgoD ;h Gfty d ;wki dh
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edos ns og d pikJ jkbs ;h, T¤s BjhA ;gPN ;h. dBK Jrb; ns wkoe; ;theko ehs iKd jB fe
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;otjkok oki eAdo ns :iBk pDkJh jtrk fBodPs, bfeB pbkseko ns Pesh d fpBK. jkbKfe, Tj e /
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Adohfes :iBk ns efwTfB;N ;wki ftu ftneshrs nikdh d ftu ;Gkfte ;xoP ƒ jb eoD ftu
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n;cb fojk j. Tj pkiako dh Gfwek T¤s mbivalent pD oj, bfeB nBwkB ;h fe pkiako ƒ yasw jDk ;h,
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bJh T[j TBK d BshihnK ftZu n;wkB ;B.
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fJ; geko, wkoe; ns Jrb; bakunien TBK d roGXkoB ns lasslle dh coh ;NN d ;KfykfJehftd
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gGkt d pko ftu nkbuBk eoD bJh sih tbA gshfeonk ftnes ehsh. 1875 tbA, fJj ;gPN j frnk
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