Page 152 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

fczfV'k lafoèkku dk nwljk fl¼kar ;g gS fd çR;sd lkoZtfud dk;Z osQ fy, eaf=kx.k laln osQ çfr mÙkjnk;h gksrs gSaA uksV
;g çd`fr dk fu;e gS fd 'kfÙkQ vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro lkFk&lkFk pyrs gSa] lezkV dh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk gLrkarj.k eaf=k;ksa dks
gks x;k gS vkSj os 'kklu osQ okLrfod vfèkdkjh gks x;s gSa rFkk lezkV ukeik=k osQ fy, jkT; dk çèkku jg x;k gSA
¶lezkV dksbZ xyrh ugha dj ldrk¸μ fczfV'k lezkV osQ lEcUèk esa ,d nwljk dFku gSμ ¶lezkV dksbZ xyrh
ugha dj ldrkA¸ bl dFku dk ç;ksx bl vFkZ esa fd;k tkrk gS fd lezkV dks fdlh dk;Z osQ fy, nks"kh ugha Bgjk;k
tk ldrkA mlosQ uke ij fd, x, fdlh dk;Z osQ fy, dksbZ eU=kh ;k efU=kifj"kn~~ mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSA vfUre :i
esa bldk eryc ;g gS fd lezkV Lofoosd ls] xyr ;k lgh] dksbZ Hkh dk;Z ugha dj ldrk gSA bl lw=k osQ vU;
vFkZ Hkh gks ldrs gSaA bls fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kZdksa osQ vUrxZr le>k;k tk ldrk gSa%&
(i) dkuwuksa dh ek;kZnkvksa ls Åijμ mUeqfÙkQ;ksa osQ vUrxZr geus ns[kk gS fd lezkV fofèk osQ Åij (Above the
Restriction of Law) gS og lkekU; U;k;ky;ksa osQ {ks=k ls mUeqÙkQ gSA mls fdlh Hkh dk;Z osQ fy,] pkgs og gR;k
gh D;ksa u gks] U;k;ky; osQ le{k nks"kh ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA
(ii) lezkV lkoZtfud dk;ks± osQ fy, nks"kh ugha gks ldrkμ lezkV ns'k dh dk;Zikfydk ugha gS vkSj u og fdlh
dks vfèkd`r djus dh 'kfÙkQ j[krk gSA mls fdlh Hkh dk;Z osQ fy, nks"kh ugha Bgjk;k (not guilty for public acts)
tk ldrk gSA eaf=kx.k okLrfod 'kfÙkQ;k¡ rFkk vfèkdkj j[krs gSa vkSj osQoy ;s yksx gh mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;s tk ldrs
gSaA ykMZ fiQ'kj osQ erkuqlkj] ¶jktk osQ cgqr ls ijekfèkdkj gSa ijUrq tc bldks dk;Z:i esa ifj.kr fd;k tkrk
gS rc osQoy laln osQ çfr mÙkjnk;h eU=kh dh lykg ij mudk ç;ksx gks ldrk gSA¸ blh ys[kd osQ 'kCnksa esa
¶efU=ke.Myh; mÙknkf;Ro jktrU=k dk laj{kd gSA blosQ vHkko esa jktrU=k jktuhfr >xM+ksa dh vkafèk;ksa rFkk
jktuhfrd rwiQkuksa osQ chp vfèkd le; rd ugha Bgj ldrk gSA¸ ykMZ vlafdu osQ vuqlkj] ¶jktk ,slk dksbZ
vUr%dj.k ugha j[k ldrk tks mÙkjnk;h ukxfjdksa dh èkjksgj ugha gSμlHkh O;fÙkQ;ksa esa nks"k gks ldrs gsa] ijarq gekjs
'kklu dh cqf¼eÙkk mu nks"kksa dks jktk ls nwj j[krh gSμog dksbZ Hkh dk;Z fcuk ijke'kZ osQ ugha dj ldrk vkSj
tks dqN fd;k x;k gS mldh etnwjh ink:<+ O;fÙkQ nsrk gS] pkgs fdlh Hkh Ïksr ls vkjEHk gqvk gksA¸ dgk tkrk
gS fd ,d ckj pkYlZ f}rh; osQ ,d njckjh us jkT; 'k;u&d{k ij fuEu iafÙkQ;k¡ fy[k nh Fkhaμ ¶;gk¡ ,d egku~
,oa 'kfDr'kkyh jktk ysVk gqvk gS ftlosQ opuksa dk dksbZ Hkh fo'okl ugha djrk] tks dHkh xyr ckr ugha dgrk
vkSj u dHkh cqf¼eÙkk dk dk;Z djrk gSA¸ pkYlZ f}rh; dk mÙkj Fkk fd ;g lc cgqr dqN lR; gS ¶mlosQ 'kCn
mlosQ FksA ijUrq mlosQ dk;Z efU=k;ksa osQ dk;Z FksA¸ mi;qZÙkQ ys[kdksa osQ dFku osQ }kjk ;g crykus dh ps"Vk dh x;h
gS fd lezkV Lofoosd osQ vUrxZr dksbZ dk;Z ugha dj ldrk gSA vUrrksxRok] mlosQ lHkh dk;Z mlosQ efU=k;ksa osQ
dk;Z gSa vksj fdlh Hkh =kqfV osQ fy, mUgsa gh nks"kh djkj fn;k tk;xk] lezkV dks ughaA
(iii) voSèkkfud dk;Z osQ fy, lezkV osQ uke fdlh dh mUeqfÙkQ ughaμ bl lw=k dk rhljk vFkZ ;g gks ldrk
gS fd lezkV fdlh Hkh O;fÙkQ dks xyrh djus osQ fy, vfèkd`r ugha dj ldrk (No Legal immunity to any
body for unconstitutional acts in the name of the king)A dksbZ Hkh vfèkdkjh vius }kjk fd;s x;s fdlh voSèk
;k voSèkkfud d`R; osQ fy, lezkV osQ vkns'k dh 'kj.k ugha ys ldrk gSA vyZ vkWiQ Msuoh dk.M (Denbey's
Case, 1678) esa bl fl¼kUr dk çfriknu fd;k x;kA ,d i=k fy[kus osQ vijkèk esa Msuoh ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k
rks mlus vius cpko esa ;g rdZ is'k fd;k fd mÙkQ i=k lezkV osQ vkns'k osQ vèkhu fy[kk x;k Fkk vkSj lezkV
dksbZ xyrh ugha dj ldrkA vr% og nks"kh ugha gSaA ysfdu laln us bl nyhy dks vLohdkj djrs gq, ;g fl¼kUr
çfrikfjr fd;k fd vius dk;ks± osQ fy, eU=kh gh mÙkjnk;h gSaA fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd O;fÙkQxr :i ls lezkV dqN ugha
dj ldrk] blfy, og dksbZ Hkh xyrh ugha djrkA
xyr fu"d"kZμ lezkV dh fLFkfr osQ mi;qZÙkQ fo'ys"k.k ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd og e`rçk; gS] ,d Lof.kZe'kwU;
;k feV~Vh dh ewfrZ&ek=k gS] 'kklu osQ {ks=k esa ;g fu%'kÙkQ rFkk çHkkoghu gSA vr% mlosQ in dh dksbZ mi;ksfxrk
ughaA

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