Page 150 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

jktuhfrd 'kfÙkQ;ksa osQ vlyh osQUæksa osQ Åij ,d vyad`r mikfèk gS¸ vkWx vkSj ftax osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶Økmu jktk] uksV
efU=kx.k rFkk laln osQ foy{k.k laxe ls fufeZr loksZPp dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr osQ ihNs ,d dYiuk gSA ge lÙkk osQ
blh dqN&dqN vfopkj.kh; lfEeJ.k dks Økmu dgrs gSA bl çdkj Økmu jktk] ea=kh rFkk laln rhuks dk la;ksx
gSA jktk Økmu dk rkRi;Z ¶iwjh ljdkj¸ (The Government) ls gSA
lezkV vkSj Økmu esa nks çeq[k Hksnμfu"d"kZ :i esa jktk vkSj Økmu (King and Crown) esa nks çeq[k Hksn gSA
igyk] jktk ,d O;fÙkQ gS_ ysfdu Økmu ,d laLFkk gSA jktk ejrk gS] ysfdu Økmu LFkk;h gSA jktk æ"VO; gS]
Økmu vn`'; gSa nwljk Økmu dk ,d vax gSA mlosQ vfrfjDr eaf=kifj"kn~~ rFkk laln feydj Økmu dk fuekZ.k
djrs gSaμ vr% Økmu dh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk mi;ksx jktk lkekU; tu lkèkkj.k osQ çfrfufèk;ksa }kjk djrk gSA

lakfoèkkfud n`f"V ls Økmu dk vFkZ gSμ lezkV dk in ,d laLFkku osQ :i esaA bl çdkj
lezkV ,d O;fDr gS] ijUrq Økmu ,d laLFkk (Crown-an Instituion) gS] ftlesa 'kklu
dh 'kfÙkQ;k¡ ,oa ijEijk,¡ fufgr gSaA

Økmu dh 'kfÙkQ;k¡ (Power of Crown): lezkV dh vfHkfgr 'kfÙkQ;k¡] Økmu 'kfÙkQ;k¡ lezkV dh futh 'kfÙkQ;k¡ ugha
cfYd mldh vfHkfgr 'kfÙkQ;k¡ (Norminal Power) gSA bu 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk mi;ksx lezkV [kqn ugha djrk] eaf=kx.k
lezkV osQ uke ij djrs gSaA ea=kh] laln osQ çfr tokcnsg gksrs gSaA vr% laln us mUgsa vfèkdkj fn;k gS fd os bu
'kfÙkQ;ksa dk mi;ksx djsaA

lezkVμ in vkSj mÙkjkfèkdkj osQ fu;e (Title and Succession to the throne)μbaxySaM esa lezkV&in vkSj
mÙkjkfèkdkj osQ fu;e 1701 bZñ osQ le>kSrk vfèkfu;e (Act of Setteement, 1701) ij vkèkkfjr gSa bUgsa laln us
ikl fd;k FkkA buosQ }kjk ;g O;oLFkk gS fd jktin gsuksoj oa'kh; baxysDVªl lksfiQ;k osQ oa'ktksa esa ls vkuqoaf'kd
Øe ls pysxk tcrd fd jktk vFkok oa'k çksVsLVs.V èkekZoyEch cuk jgsxkA blosQ vfrfjDr L=kh dh rqyuk esa iq#"k
oa'kt dh Js"Brk çnku dh x;hA 1714 bZ- esa lkezkKh ,fytkcsFk f}rh; bl oa'k dh 11oha mÙkjkfèkdkj.kh] ftudh
inoh 1931 bZñ osQ flagklu&R;tu vfèkfu;e (Abdiction Act of 1931) osQ vkèkkj ij gSA çFke egk;q¼ osQ ckn
gSuksoj oa'k dk uke cnydj fo.Mlj oa'k dj fn;k x;kA 1936 bZ- osQ LVsP;wV osLV fefuLVj (Statutes of
westminister; 1936) osQ vuqlkj lezkV osQ mÙkjkfèkdkj osQ fu;eksa ;k mikfèk;ksa esa ifjorZu djus okys dkuwu osQ
fy, fczVsu osQ LojkT; çkIr mifuos'kksa osQ foèkku&eaMy dh Lohd`fr vko';d gSA mÙkjkfèkdkj dk ,d vU; fu;e
,tsalh ls lEcfUèkr gSA 1937 vkSj 1943 bZñ osQ jhtsalh vfèkfu;e (Regency Act) osQ vuqlkj ;fn lezkV ukckfyx
gks ;k fdlh ekufld vFkok 'kkjhfjd jksx osQ dkj.k 'kklu djus ;ksX; u gks rks fjtsaV dh O;oLFkk dj nh tkrh
gS vkSj ;fn lezkV vkSj laj{kd nksuksa gh dk;Z&lapkyu osQ fy, vuqi;qÙkQ gksa rks fuEufyf[kr i¼fr viuk;h tkrh
gSA
(d) jkt&in vkuqoaf'kd Øe (Hereditary) ls pysxkA

([k) jkt&in t;s"BRo (Primogeniture) osQ fu;e ij feysxk]
(x) L=kh dh rqyuk esa iq#"k oa'k dh Js"Brk çnku dh x;h gS]
(?k) çksVsLVs.V èkekZoyEch gh] oSQFkksfyd ugha] jktxíh ij cSB ldrk gS]

(p) mÙkjkfèkdkjh osQ fu;eksa ;k mikfèk;ksa esa ifjorZu ykus osQ fy, LojkT;&çkIr mifuos'kksa dh Lohd`fr vko';d gS]
(N) ukckfyd ;k çkd`frd v;ksX;rk dh n'kk esa fjtsaV ;k ijke'kZnkrkvksa dh O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA
oa'kkuqxr fl¼kar dk egÙo& jktin dk vkuqoaf'kd vkèkkj jktuhfrd :i ls cgqr gh liQy rFkk mi;ksxh gSA
jktxíh osQ fy, dHkh&dHkh fookn ugha [kM+k gksrk rFkk pqukoksa ls nwj jgus osQ dkj.k bldh ifo=krk Hkh u"V ugha

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