Page 115 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN j'fJnk – tZvh gfoPd (Great Council or Magnum Concilium) ns/ S'Nh gfoPd (Little Council
of Curia Regit). rq/N e"Af;n dk ‘nKsfoe ftqs’ (Inner circle) fejk iKdk j?. rq/N e"Af;b Bkb fpqfNP
;z;d ns/ feT[fonk o/fi; s'A fgqth e"Af;b, n?e;u/eo ns/ T[Zu fBnKfbnKL dk T[d/ j'fJnk. fJ; gqeko
thjthA Pskpdh dk fJzrb?Av ‘BkowB :[r’ dk pj[s e[M foDh j?.

) w?rBkekoNK ns/ T[;dk wjZst ^
) w?rBkekoNK ns/ T[;dk wjZst ^
) w?rBkekoNK ns/ T[;dk wjZst ^
) w?rBkekoNK ns/ T[;dk wjZst ^
( ( ( ( (iv) w?rBkekoNK ns/ T[;dk wjZst ^ j/Boh d{i/ B/ Pk;B Bz{ ;cbskg{ope ubkfJnk ns/ okizsso
Bz{ fdqV pDkfJnk gozs{, T[; s'A n:'r T[ZukfXekohnK – fouov gfjbk ns/ ikB dh rbs BhshnK B/ eqKsh
dh nZr GVek fdZshl ;woEeK B/ T[;dk ;kE SZv fdZsk. nzs ftu, p?o'Bh B/ ikB Bz{ nkgDh PosK Bz{
wzBD d/ bJh wip{o ehsk. T[; w?rBkekoNk (Magna Carta) fi;Bz{ ‘wzr^okigZso’ (The Great
Charter) efjzd/ jB, go nkgDh wzi{oh d/Dh gJh. fJj okigZso ftPt dk BjhA sK x~N s'A x~N r/qN fpqN/
fpPg fpfbnw ;Np; (Bishop William
fpPg fpfbnw ;Np;
B dk ;G s'A wjZstg{oB b/y io{o j?. T[BhAthA Pskpdh ftu fpPg fpfbnw ;Np;fpPg fpfbnw ;Np;
fpPg fpfbnw ;Np;
Stubbs) B/ fejk ;h fe fpqfNP ;zftXkB dk g{ok fJfsjk; fJ; wjkB okig~so dh fJe ftnkfynk j?.
;z;d dk T[d/ ns/ fBowkD
;z;d dk T[d/ ns/ fBowkD
;z;d dk T[d/ ns/ fBowkD
;z;d dk T[d/ ns/ fBowkD
;z;d dk T[d/ ns/ fBowkD
) ;z;d dk gqkozG – ;z;d dk T[sgsh–ekb fJe fttkd tkbk gqPB j?. fInkdkso ftdtkB fJ;dh
) ;z;d dk gqkozG –
) ;z;d dk gqkozG –
) ;z;d dk gqkozG –
( ( ( ( (i) ;z;d dk gqkozG –
P[o{nks BkowB :[r dh ‘ftqjs ;Gk’ (Magnum Councilum) ftu gkT[Ad/ jB. fJj toswkB bkov ;Gk
dh soQK gkdohnK ns/ e[bhBK dh ;Gk ;h, gozs{ j'bh–j'bh pkjoh ns/ nKsfoe fd~esK dk ;kjwDk eoB
d/ bJh ns/ N?e;–gqkgsh d/ T[d/P Bkb okik iBsk d/ gqshfBXhnK Bz{ th nkwzfsqs eoB br/. 1295 JhH
ftu n?vtov gfjb/ B/ ;z;d dh p?me p[bkJh. fJj fJfsjk; ftu ‘nkdoP ;z;d’ (Model Parliament)
d/ Bkw s'A ftfynks j?, feT[Afe 400 ftneshnK dh fJ; ;Gk ftu finkdkso ;ko/ gqw[Zy torK – p?oB,
gkodh, BkJhN ns/ Brok nkfd B{ gqshfBXhst fwfbnk. fJ;d/ pknd fpqfNP Pk;B ftnt;Ek dk fJj
fJe ;EkJh ns/ io{oh nzr pD rJh. fJj Bk sK fe;h fBPfus :'iBk, fBPfus ;wK iK iBsk dh wzr
Bshik j?, pbfe fJj fJfsjk; ftek; dk cb j?.
) gqshfBXhst dk f;XKs –
) gqshfBXhst dk f;XKs –
( ( ( ( (ii) gqshfBXhst dk f;XKs –) gqshfBXhst dk f;XKs – P[o{ s'A jh ;z;d dk o{g gqshfBfXnkswe (representative) fojk j?,
) gqshfBXhst dk f;XKs –
feT[Afe BroK ns/ ;kwzsK d/ gqshfBXh fe;h Bk fe;h o{g ftu u[D/ j'J/ j[zd/ ;B. fJzrb?Av d/ bJh
gqshfBXhst dk f;XKs e'Jh BtK f;XKs BjhA ;h. ;' ;Zuh gqshfBfXnkswe ;oeko dh ;EkgBk toswkB
ekwb ftu j'Jh. gozs{ fJ;dh BhAj ftqjs ;Gk ftu ekT[Anh ns/ p"o'A Bz{ gqshfBXhst d/D d/ Bkb g? u[eh
;h. fJ;d/ T[d/ dk ekoB ;[szsosk ik ;tPk;B d/ gqsh gq/w BjhA pbfe okiktK dh N?e; gqkgs eoB dh
Pesh ;h.
) d'^;dBkswe gZXsh –
( ( ( ( (iii) d'^;dBkswe gZXsh –) d'^;dBkswe gZXsh – ftPt d/ fInkdkso ;zftXkB ftu d'–;dBkswe (bicameral) gqEk Bz{
) d'^;dBkswe gZXsh –
) d'^;dBkswe gZXsh –
ngDkfJnk frnk j?. fJj gZXsh th fpqfNP ;zftXkB dh d/D j?. ;wkB fjsK d/ ekoB fJe gk;/ T[Zu e'Nh
d/ ;kwzs ns/ gkdoh ns/ d{i/ gk;/ BhthA e'Nh d/ ;kwzs n/s g"ib fJe ;kE fwb rJ/. d'tK ;w{jK dh nb~r–
nbZr p?me j'D brh. gfjb/ tor d/ b'eK dh ;Gk dk Bkw bkov ;Gk (House of Lords) ns/ d{i/ tor
d/ b'eK dh ;Gk dk Bkw b'e ;Gk (House of Commons) fgnk. fJ; gqeko, d'–;dBkswe ;z;d dk
gqkd[ogkt j'fJnk ns/ ;" ;kbK d/ nzsors jh fJj g~Xsh fpqfPN Pk;B ftnt;Ek dk nfGzB nzr pD rJh.
) ;z;d dh Pesh –
( ( ( ( (iv) ;z;d dh Pesh – ;z;d ;zpzXh ;G s'A wjZstg{oB ftek; T[;dh Pesh ;h. j'bh–j'bh fJj gqEk
) ;z;d dh Pesh –
) ;z;d dh Pesh –
) ;z;d dh Pesh –
pD rJh fe Bt/A N?e;K Bz{ brkT[D d/ bJh ;z;d dh ;thfeqsh fbsh ikt/. nzs ftu fJj fBnw pD frnk
fpBk gqshfBXhst d/ N?e;
fpBk gqshfBXhst d/ N?e;
fpBk gqshfBXhst d/ N?e;
fe gqshfBXhnK dh ;ftfeqsh d/ fpBk e'Jh N?e; Bk brkfJnk ik ;edk – “fpBk gqshfBXhst d/ N?e;fpBk gqshfBXhst d/ N?e;
BjhA.” 1407 JhH ftu fJ; f;XKs B/ fJe BtK o{g fbnk, id j/Boh fJ; gqeko nkofEe nkozGD dk
BjhA.
BjhA.
BjhA.
BjhA.
nfXeko iBsk d/ gqshfBXhnK d/ jZE ftu nk frnk. nkofEe nfXeko d/ Bkb–Bkb ekBz{B fBowkD dk
nfXeko th ;z;d d/ jZEK ftu nkT[D brk. fJ; ftek; d/ Bshi/ ti'A n'rn'r
n'r
n'r
n'r d/ PpdK ftu, “fJe ;w/A dk
ftBhs p/Bsh eosk ;dk d/ bJh ftXkfJe pD frnk.”
;zt?XkfBe dtzd ns/ w[V fBowkD
;zt?XkfBe dtzd ns/ w[V fBowkD
;zt?XkfBe dtzd ns/ w[V fBowkD
;zt?XkfBe dtzd ns/ w[V fBowkD
;zt?XkfBe dtzd ns/ w[V fBowkD
fNT[vo ekb ns/ fBoze[Ptkd –
fNT[vo ekb ns/ fBoze[Ptkd –
( ( ( ( (i)) )) ) fNT[vo ekb ns/ fBoze[Ptkd – fNT[vo ekb ns/ fBoze[Ptkd – gzdoQthA ;dh d/ nzs se ;z;d PeshPkbh j' rJh ;h ns/ okik
fNT[vo ekb ns/ fBoze[Ptkd –
ewi'o. nkX[fBe ;zftXkB dh ftfGzB ;z;EktK dh BhAj g? u[eh ;h. nkT[D tkbk fdB T[BQK d/ ftek;
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