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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko                                        Vinod C.V., Lovely Professional University
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
                     BØN                   fJekJh–6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/
                                           fJekJh–6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/
                                           fJekJh–6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/
                                           fJekJh–6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/
                                           fJekJh–6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/
                                              w[Zy bSD
                                              w[Zy bSD
                                              w[Zy bSD
                                              w[Zy bSD
                                              w[Zy bSD  (Socio-Economic bases and Silent
                                                        Features of the Constitution)


                                       ftP/ t;s{ftP/ t;s{
                                       ftP/ t;s{ftP/ t;s{  (Contents)
                                       ftP/ t;s{
                                       T[d/P (Objectives)
                                       ikDekoh (Introduction)
                                       6H1  :{He/H, :{Hn?;HJ/H, oPhnk, cqK;, uhB ns/ ;ftNiob?Av d/ ;zftXkB dk ftek; (Constitutional
                                            Development of UK, USA, Russia, France, China and Switzerland)
                                       6.2  :{Hn?;HJ/H ns/ ;ftNiob?Av ftu ;zftXkB ;zP'XB dh gqfeqnk (Amendment Process in
                                            Constitution of USA and Switzerland)
                                       6.3  :{Hn?;HJ/H ns/ ;ftNiob?Av dh ;zxh ftnt;Ek  (Federal System of USA and
                                            Switzerland)
                                       6H4  ;ko nzP (Summary)
                                       6H5  Ppde'P (Keywords)
                                       6H6  nfGnk;–gqPB (Review Questions)
                                       6H7  ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)




                                   T[d/P
                                   T[d/P (Objectives)
                                   T[d/P
                                   T[d/P
                                   T[d/P
                                   fJ; fJekJh d/ nfXn?B sØA pknd ftfdnkoEh :Ør jØDr/L
                                   •   :{He/H, :{Hn?;HJ/H, oPhnk, cqK;, uhB ns/ ;ftNiob?Av d/ ;zftXkB fteko dh ftnkfynk eoB ftu.
                                   •   :{Hn?;HJ/H ns/ ;ftNiob?Av ftu ;zt?XkfBe ;zP'XB gqfeqnk dk ftt/uB eoB ftu.
                                   •   :{Hn?;HJ/H ns/ ;ftNiob?Av dh ;zxh ftnt;Ek Bz{ ;wMD ftu.


                                   ikDekoh
                                   ikDekoh
                                   ikDekoh  (Introduction)
                                   ikDekoh
                                   ikDekoh
                                   s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ gozgokrs ns/ nkX[fBe fdqPNhe'DK d/ nfXn?B s'A fJj ikDekoh gqkgs j'Jh j? fe
                                   fJ;dk gozgokrs nfXn?B w[Zy s"o s/ ;z;Ekrs, ftneshe ns/ toDBkswe fojk j?. pdb/ j'J/ wkj"b
                                   ftu okiBhfse gqfeqnktK dh tk;sftesk Bz{ ;wMD ftu ns/ nkw f;XKsK d/ fBowkD ftu fJ;dh T[g:'rsk
                                   BjhA d/ pokpo f;ZX j' u[eh ;h. d{i/ ftPt:[ZX d/ pknd dh r[zibdko okiBhfse ftnt;EktK Bz{ ;wMD
                                   d/ bJh Bt/A T[gkrwK iK fdqPNhe'DK dh y'i ikoh ;h i' ftfrnkBe sohfenK dk fJ;s/wkb eoe/ okiBhfse
                                   ftnt;EktK B{z ;wMD ftu ;jkfJe j't/. ftek;Phb d/PK d/ T[d/ B/ th s[bBkswe okiBhfse nfXn?B ftu
                                   nfijh io{oo Bz{ io{oh pDk fdZsk. fJ;/ d/ cb;to{g s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftu Bt/A fdqPNhe'DK dk ftek;
                                   j'fJnk fi; ftu okiBhfse ftnt;Ek dk wj~st ;G s'A fInkdk wzfBnk iKdk j?.
                                   okiBhfse ftnt;Ek fdqPNhe'D B/ s[bBkswe okiBhfs Bz{ Bk e/tb ftfrnkBe pDkfJnk pbfe okiBhfse
                                   ftntjko d/ ftP/ ftu fBowkD dk wkor gqP;s ehsk. ftPt ftu shih d[BhnK d/ d/PK d/ ftek; ns/
                                   ;kfwntkdh PeshnK d/ T[d/ B/ okiBhfse ftfusqsk dh rzGho ;fEsh fbnk fd~sh. fJ;/ okiBhfse
                                   tksktoD ftu okiBhfse ftnt;Ek fdqPNhe'D dk iBw j'fJnk.



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