Page 109 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI
P. 109
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN soK T[; Bz{ g{oD o{g ft~u n;theko BjhA ehsk j? i' wkoe;tkdh^b?fBBtkdh ftukoK d/ nB[:kJh
jB.nwoheh okiBhsh ftfrnkBhnK dh BthA ghVh B/ gqshwkB uoK (pattern variables) ns/ UBK dhnK
nB[Gkfte ftfPPNsktK (empirical specifications) ft~u eJh d'P b~G/ jB fe e/tb fJjh BjhA fe shih
d[BhnK d/ ftek;Phb d/PK s/ pbfe UBK d/ nkgD/ d/PK s/ th fJBK Bz{ fe; soK bkr{ ehsk ikt/ i' w[dok
;fcsh, p/o[Irkoh ns/ :[ZX fijhnK ftPw ;w~f;ntK ft~u ieV/ j'J/ jB ns/ i' UBK dhnK okiBhfse
ftt;EktK dh nfsihftsk d/ bJh rzGho ysok pD/ j'J/ jB.
shih d[BhnK d/ d/PK d/ okiBhfse nfXn?B s'A gsk ubdk j? fe fi; gqshwkB Bz{ wjkB nwoheh b/yeK B/
gq;s[s ehsk j?, T[; okiBhfse ;wkiheoD d/ Bw{B/ Bz{ pj[s nfXe ;?BktK, pj[s nfXe ;/teszsoh
gfoihftsk, pj[s nfXe n;wkB ns/ ngfonkgs T[sgkdB, :'iBktK d/ gqdoPB T[Zs/ pj[s nfXe pb
T[Zs/ n;zouBk dh ntj/bBk, ftfGzB ;wkiK d/ ft~u fto'XK dh fInkdk nfGftnesh eoD, ns/ ;zy/g ft~u,
nwhoK bJh pj[s nfXe okiBhsh ns/ iB^;kXkoD dh Bkekch ;fjGkfisk ft~u T[g:'r ft~u BjhA fbnKdk
ik ;edk . ibdh BjhA pbfe pj[s jh bzp/ no;/ s'A pknd g~Swh gqshwkB Bz{, ftP/P eo e/ eJh shi/ ftPt
d/ B/sktK d/ w[~bK ns/ NhfunK d/ fBog~y ;o{g d/ ;zdoG ft~u ngfonkgs ;wfMnk ikD b~rk.
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks)
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H nkwzv ns/ topk B/ fJ; r~b t~b ;ze/s ehsk j? fe fe;/ ftnesh dh HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH fizBh
ftnkge j't/rh Uj okiBhfse o{g ft~u UBk jh ikro{e j't/rk.
2H id'A p~uk nkgD/ gfotko ns/ gqkoEfwe ;e{b d/ gqGktK s'A T[ZGo e/ n~r/ nkUAdk j? ns/ HHHHHHHHHHH d/
irs ft~u gj[zudk j?, fi; Bz{ ‘;wkB ftneshnK d/ r[N* iK ‘;w;w{j* th fejk ikdk j?.
3H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH dh gqfeqnk ft~u Bk e/tb gfotkoK ns/ f;~fynk e/AdoK pbfe ;wkfie ns/
okiBhfse ;z;EktK dh th wj~stg{oD G{fwek j?.
4H okPNoh J/eheoD bJh ftP/P eo e/ ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH dh wj~stg{oD
G{fwek j[zdh j?.
5H ftnesh d/ ftnefs~st d/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH T[Zs/ iB;zuko d/ wkfXnwK dk nkgDk jh gqGkt j[zdk j?.
2H3 ;ko nzP
2H3 ;ko nzP (Summary)
2H3 ;ko nzP
2H3 ;ko nzP
2H3 ;ko nzP
• okiBhfse ;wkiheoD “Uj gqfeqnk j? fi; d[nkok okiBhfse ;z;feqshnK dk nB[o~fynD ns/ UBK ft~u
gfotosB ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; ekoi d/ fBPgkdB d/ wkfXnw Bkb ftneshnK Bz{ okiBhfse ;z;feqshnK
ft~u Pkfwb ehsk iKdk j?.@ d{i/ PpdK ft~u, fJj T[; f;~fynk gqfeqnk t~b fBod/P eodk j? fi;d[nkok
;[;zukfbs okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ bJh ;theko wkDeK ns/ fttjkoK Bz{ fJ~e ghVh s'A nrbh ghVh s~e
;zgq/fPs ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; oK fJ; ;zebgBk dk T[d/P ftneshnK dk fJ; sohe/ Bkb gqfPePD ns/
ftek; eoBk j? fe Uj okiBhfse ;w[dkJ/ d/ ;[ekoiekoh w?Apo pD ;eD. Ikfjo j? fe fJ;d/ noE ft~u
ftfPPN o{g ft~u wB'ftfrnkfBe nk:kw fBfjs j? fe “fJj ;zubBPhb okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ ;theko
wkDeK, nfGftq~shnK ns/ fttjko Bz{ eqfwe Yzr bkb f;~yDk j?.”
• fJ; gqeko ftuko eoD s/ okiBhfse ;wkiheoD d/ nzsors ihtB dh jo/e nt;Ek ft~u ;ko/
n"gukfoe ns/nD^n"gukfoe okiBhfse gqfPePD nk ikDr/, fco ukj/ Uj ikD^p[~M e/ j'D, iK
nk:'fis, ns/ fJ; ft~u Bk e/tb Uj ;gPN okiBhfse gqfPePD Pkfwb j't/rk i' okiBhfse fttjko
Bz{ gqGkfts eodk j? (fit/A okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb n;zpzX ;wkfie gqftq~shnK dk rqfjD eoBk) pbfe fJ;
ft~u okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ;zpzfXs ftnehrs ftP/PsktK Bz{ rqfjD eoBk th Pkfwb j't/rk.”
• i/eo fJ; Bz{ ;kXkoD PpdK ft~u fejk ikt/ sK okiBhfse ;wkiheoD fJ~e nfijk ftuko j? i' okiBhfse
;EkfJ~st d/ Nhu/ Bz{ gqkgs eoD dh T[whd eodk j?.fJ; dk nkXko fJj j? fe e'Jh okiBhfse ftt;Ek
104 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
