Page 106 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
ukjhdk j?. feUAfe ftnesh dhnK okiBhfse nfGftq~shnK, nfGftfBnk;K ns/ w[~bK Bz{ nkdkB^gqdkB eoD BØN
ft~u ;dk ftnesh Bz{ gqGkfts ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?, fJ; bJh fJj ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk T[wo Go ubdh
ofjzdh j?.@ iK fit/A fe pkb B/ fejk j?L “okiBhfse ;wkiheoD nfijh gqfeqnk BjhA j?, i' pugB d/
gqGktrqfj :'r ;kbK s~e ;hfws j't/, pbfe fJj sK ;ko/ pkbr ihtB d/ d"okB ubdh ofjzdh j?.@

;G s'A gfjbK gfotko dk ;EkB nkUAdk j?, fi; Bz{ p~u/ bJh “pkjo dh d[BhnK s/ y[~bD tkbh gfjbh fyVeh
efjDk ukjhdk j?l fJj p~u/ dk gqkfXeko d/ Bkb gfjbk ;zgoe j?.” ftnesh d/ okiBhfse ftnefs~st d/ fBowkD
ft~u gfotko dk gqw[~y :'rdkB T[; G{fwek s'A T[sgzB j[zdk j?, fi; Bz{ T[; dhnK p[fBnkdh ns/ nzsoG{s Io{osK
dh g{osh bJh w[~y ;kXB ns/ y/so ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?. fJ; soK, p~uk nkgD/ wksk^fgsk d/ Bkb nkgDk
;zs[bB eoBk ukj[zdk j?, ns/ okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ gqsh UBK d/ fdqPNhe'D Bz{ ngBkUDk ukj[zdk j?. fit/A fe v/
ft; B/ fejk j?, “gfotko wkBf;e o{g Bkb Bzr/ p~u/ Bz{ g{oh soK nkG{fPs ftnefs~st d/ o{g ft~u o{gKsfos
eoD d/ w[~y ;kXB gqdkB eodk j?. ftnesh dk nfXeKP okiBhfse ftnefs~st^fJ~e ;kXkoD pkbr Bkrfoe
ns/ gqw[~y okiBhfse ekoieosk d/ o{g ft~u ezw eoD Bkb xo T[Zs/ jh fBoXkfos j[zdk j? ns/ fJ~e ;kXkoD
pkfbr Bkrfoe ns/ fJ~e okiBhfse eosk^Xosk d/ o{g ft~u T[GoD s'A eJh ;kb gfjbK jh nfijk fBoXkoD
j' iKdk j?.” okpoN b/B B/ ;[Mkn fd~sk j? fe gfotko d/ wkfXnw Bkb fszB okiBhfse ftPtk;k dh BhAjK dk
fBnk; ehsk ik ;edk j?^(1) gqs~y iK go'y o{g ft~u wsko'gD, (indoctrination) (2) fJ~e ftP/P ;wkfie
;zdoG ft~u p~u/ Bz{ o~y e/, ns/ (3)p~u/ dk ftnefs~st Ykb e/.
fJ; s'A pknd, gqkoEfwe f;~fynk d/ e/Ado d/ o{g ft~u ;e{b dk ;EkB nkUAdk j?. okiBhfse fttjko dh
ftnkfynk ft~u f;~fynk Bz{ pj[s ;w/A s~e fJ~e wj~stg{oD uoD ;wfMnk iKdk fojk j? ns/ fJ; r~b dk gqwkD
fd~sk ik ;edk j? fe Uj okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dk fJ~e wj~stg{oB ;kXB j?. nkwzv ns/ topk fJ; r~b t~b
;ze/s eod/ jB fe fe;/ ftnesh dh f;~fynk fizBh ftnkge j't/rh, UBk jh Uj ;oeko d/ gqGkt d/ gqsh ;ir
j't/rk, okiBhsh dk nB[;oD eo gkt/rk, nfXe s'A nfXe okiBhfse ikDekoh gqkgs eo gkt/rk, UBK d/
okiBhfse wkwfbnK T[Zs/ ftnkge ws j'Dr/, nfXe s'A nfXe okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ikro{e b'eK Bkb nfXe
s'A nfXe uouktK eo/rk, Uj okiBhfse wkwfbnK Bz{ gqGkfts eoD dh nfXe :'rsk nB[Gt eo/rk, Uj ;t?fS~e
;zrmBK ft~u ;d~;sk rqfjD eo/rk ns/ fJBK ft~u ;feqn o{g Bkb Gkr bt/rk, nkgD/ ;wkfie gfonktoD ft~u
ftPtk; ftnes eo/rk ns/ ftPtk; dhnK GktBktK Bz{ gqdofPs eo/rk. fJ; ekoD gkmeqwK d/ u[Bkt dk nkgDk
jh wj~st j' frnk j?. okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ikro{e b'e nkgD/ fjsK d/ nB[e{b gkmeqwK ft~u ;zP'XB bJh y{p
;zxoP eod/ jB. fJ;/ ekoD, e/ob ft~u w[;fbw bhr d/ B/sktK B/ ;e{b dhnK gkm g[;seK ft~u'A UBK nzPK
Bz{ e~YD bJh ;zzxoP ehsk, fiBK ft~u ;[szsosk s'A gfjbK d/ :[r ft~u itkjobkb Bfjo{ B/ bhr dh ;zgodkfJe
ns/ okPNo^fto'Xh G{fwek d/ pko/ ft~u fejk ;h. UBK B/ fJ~e j'o I'odko wzr ehsh ;h fe f;~fynk ;z;EktK
ft~u ‘ekb/ b'eK d/ pko/ ft~u nfXn?B’ d/ ekoieqwK Bz{ Pkfwb ehsk ikt/.
fJ; fdPk ft~u fi; r~b dk fInkdk wj~st j? Uj fJj j? fe okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dh ;w~f;nk T[; ;w/A g?dk
j[zdh j? id'A p~uk nkgD/ gfotko ns/ gqkoEfwe ;e{b d/ nkozfGe gqGtK s'A T[ZGo e/ n~r/ nkUAdk j? ns/ T[Zu
iwksK dh d[BhnK ft~u gj[zudk j?, fi; Bz{ ‘;wkB ftneshnK d/ r[N’ iK ‘;w^;w{j’ (peer groups) th fejk
ikdk j?. ns/ fJ; soK Uj j'o gqGktK d/ nXhB j' iKdk j? i' gqkozfGe okiBhsheoD Bz{ ‘gqu~fbs ns/ fJ; Bz{
MhD th eo ;ed/ jB.” wkofNB b/ftB B/ gsk brkfJnk j? fe ftneshnK ft~u fJ; r~b dh gqftq~sh j[zdh j?
fe ‘;w^;w{j’ ft~u th b'e ‘pj[ws gqkgs ;w{j’ Bz{ ngDk b?Ad/ jB. t~v/ ftfdnkoEhnK dhnK nfGftq~shnK
T[Zs/ nfXn?B gkmeqwK, tkd^fttkdK, uouktK ns/ j'o gkm ;zpzXh ekoiebkgK dh fBPfus ;zdoG ft~u
wj~stg{oD G{fwek j[zdh j? ns/ Uj okiBhfse gqp'X (political enlightenment) d/ gqGkth ;kXB pD iKd/ jB.
fJ; soK f;~fynk Pk;so dk ;wkfie ftfrnkBK ft~u w;/eD j' ikdk j?, feUAfe fit/A fe ;hH okJhN fwb; B/
nkgDh ouBk ‘fd ;'P'b"fieb fJw?ihB/PB’ (The Sociological Imagination) ft~u fejk, “d'jK dk T[d/P
nfij/ b'eK ns/ ftneshnK Bz{ fsnko eoBk j? i' ftneshrs ns/ ;wkfie ;zpzXK Bkb ofjD :'r jB ns/ UBK
dhnK gfonkgs gfoGkPktK nB[;ko ofj ;ed/ jB.@
wkD^nzrheoD
wkD^nzrheoD (norm-internalization) dh gqfeqnk ft~u Bk e/tb gfotkoK ns/ f;~fynk e/AdoK pbfe
wkD^nzrheoD
wkD^nzrheoD
wkD^nzrheoD
;wkfie ns/ okiBhfse ;z;EktK dh th wj~stg{oD G{fwek j?. T[dkjoD bJh, Xkofwe ;z;EktK d/ wj~st

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