Page 102 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
fJekJh^5L okiBhfse ;wkiheoD
okiBhfse ;wkiheoD ftneshnK d/ wBK ft~u w[~bK, wkDeK ns/ nfGftfBnk;K dk ftek; eodk j? fi; BØN
Bkb T[BK ft~u okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ gqsh ftPtk; dh GktBk g?dk j' ;e/ ns/ Uj nkgD/ nkg Bz{ uzr/
ekoiekoh Bkrfoe d/ o{g ft~u pDkJ/ o~y/ ns/ nkgD/ T[ZsokfXekohnK d/ wB T[Zs/ nfwN Skg S~v ;e/.fJ;
soK okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dh gfoGkPk T[; “gqfeqnk d/ o{g ft~u ehsh iKdh j?, fi; Bkb e'Jh ftnesh
okiBhfse ftt;Ek Bkb gfofus j[zdk j?, ns/ i' okiBhfse xNBktK d/ gqsh T[; dh gqshfeqnk dk fBoXkoD
eodk j?. fJ; d/ bJh Io{os fJ; r~b dh j? fe ftnesh T[Zs/ ;wki d/ ns/ ;wki T[Zs/ ftnesh d/
;wkfie, nkofEe iK ;z;feqfse gfonktoD d/ gqGkt dk gohyD ehsk ikt/. ;wkfie ns/ okiBhfse
ftt;Ektk d/ ft~u okiBhfse ;wkiheoD fJ~e nfsnzs wj~stg{oD eVh j?, gqzs{ nb~r nb~r ftt;EktK
d/ nB[;ko fJ; ft~u gfotosB nk ;edk j?. okiBhfse fdqPNhe'D Bkb fJ~e gqfeqnk d/ o{g ft~u okiBhfse
;wkiheoD nfsnzs wj~stg{oD j? fi; Bkb ftnkge okiBhfse ftt;Ek^okiBhfse ;fjGkfisk^ft~u
ftfGzB wksoktK ft~u b'e fbgs j' ;ed/ jB.”
okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dk ftek;L y[~b/ pBkw pzd ;wkiK dk ftPkL i' ;wki nkgD/ nkg Bz{ pDkJ/ o~yDk
ukj[zdk j? iK nkgDh nfsihftsk d/ bJh nkgD/ ;EkfJ~st s/ pb fdzdk j?, T[;dk nkgD/ :[teK d/ ;wkiheoD
ft~u fJ~e Io{oh fjs fBfjs j[zdk j? sK fe Uj fJ; :'r pDkJ/ ikD fe Uj ;t?^fJ~Sk g{ote nkgD/ ;wkfie
ihtB d/ w[~bK, nfGftfBnk;K ns/ wkDeK Bz{ ikoh o~y ;eD. fJ~e Btiks fPP{ iBwiks ;wkihfe iht
BjhA j[zdk j?l gqfPePD g~Xsh Bkb jh T[; Bz{ ;wkfie pDkfJnk iKdk j?. Bkb jh, fJ; gqeko dk “gqfPePD
;wki d/ wkDeK d/ pko/ ft~u T[g:[es frnkB gqkgs eoD s~e ;hfws BjhA j?, pbfe fJ; d/ bJh fJ; r~b
dh th T[whd j[zdh j? fe ftnesh UBK wkDeK Bz{ fJ; soK nzrheko eo bt/ fe Uj T[; Bz{ ;jh, fBnKg{oD
ns/ B?fse gqshs j'D. fJ~e tko ;wki d/ wkDeK Bz{ nzrheko eo b?D s'A pknd PkfJd T[; ftnesh bJh
nfijk e'Jh efmB ezw BjhA j't/rk, fe Uj UBK d/ nB[e{b ezw eo/.” Bkb jh, feP'okt;Ek d/ Bkb Bkb
wkDeK d/ nzrheko eoD dh gqfeqnk ysw BjhA j' iKdh, fJ; d/ nzdo itkB b'e th nkUAd/ jB ns/ fJ;/
ekoD n;hA fJ; Bshi/ s/ gj[zud/ jK fe okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ;zrfms ;wki d/ nB[o~fynD ;zpzXh Ujh
Io{osK jB, fiBK ft~u itkBK Bz{ pj[s fIzwdko G{fwek fBGkUDh j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh n;hA d' nt;EktK T[Zs/
wkDeK Bz{ nzrheko eoD dh gqfeqnk dk ntb'eD eoKr/,^p~funK ns/ feP'oK dk ;wkiheoD ns/ itkBK dk
;wkiheoD.

okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dh gqfofeqnk T[; ekb s'A nkozG j[adh j? id'A p~uk uko/ gk;/ d/ ftnkge tksktoD
d/ pko/ ft~u ;ir j[zdk j?. ftP/P ;fEshnK d/ gqsh nB[ehnk ft~u nfXe gqshnkfye (perseptive) nB[Gt
eodk j? ns/ nkgD/ bJh fJ~e nfij/ fdqPNhe'D dk ftek; eo b?Adk j? i' nfXekfXe ;zrs ns/ ;zg{oD j'
iKdk j?, id'A fe fJ; s'A gfjbK fJj yzfvs ns/ ;hfws j[zdk j?. fJ; nt;Ek ft~u p~funK ft~u ;kXkoD
nfGftfBnk; dk gqkfXeko, nkfrnkekfosk, gqsho'X, ;fj:'r, nkxks nkfd d/ gqsh nkftoGkt j[zdk j?.p~uk
gfotko s'A i' e[M rqfjD eodk j?, T[; ft~u ;e{b d/ wkfXnw Bkb tkXk j' iKdk j? ns/ Uj okiBhfse w[~bK
d/ gqsh nkgDhnK gqkozfGe wkBsktK Bz{ g[PN eodk j?. Jh;NB ns/ v?fB; pugB ft~u okiBhfse
;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk ft~u uko nt;EktK dk fBoXkoD eo d/ jB^
(1) ftP/P ftneshnK d/ wkfXnw Bkb gqkfXeko Bz{ ;theko eoBk fit/A wksk^fgsk, g[fb;w?B ns/ d/P dk
okPNogshl (2) ;oekoh ns/ r?o^;oekoh gqkfXeoD ft~u nzsol (3) okPNoh ftXkfJek, fBnKgkfbek ns/
wsdkB fttjko fit/A nt/efse okiBhfse ;z;EktK Bkb ;zpzX rshftXhnK ft~u ftn;s b'eK d/ ft~u
G/d fit/A fe okPNogsh iK eKro; (nwoheh ;z;d) d/ w?Apo d/ o{g ft~u ftP/P ftneshnK d/ nkdoPhfeqs
fpzpK dk okPNohgsh gd ns/ eKro; Bkb ;EkBKsoD j' ikt/.
fJ; soK ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk feP'okt;Ek s'A pknd th ubdh ofjzdh j?. Gkth okiBhfse fttjko dh
w[~y o{g o/yktK ‘uzrh soK Bkb gqkozfGe nt;Ek ft~u jh fBoXkfos ehshnK iKdhnK jB, gqzs{ fJ; Bkb
nfijh nt;Ek dh nfXe ;zGktBk j[zdh j?, fi; ft~u gqkozfGe okiBhfse ;wkiheoD ns/ pknd d/ ihtB
d/ gfonktofDe ns/ nB[Gkfte gqGktK d/ ft~u nzsfeqnk j[zdh j? i' pkbr nt;Ek T[Zs/ ;wkiheoD dh
gqfeqnk d/ wkor ft~u pkXk gj[zuKUAdh j?.” T[dkjoD bJh, wsdkB fttjko d/ nfXn?B s'A gsk ubdk j?
fe ‘wsK d/ :[ZX’ d/ d"okB ftXkB wzvb d/ w?ApoK Bz{ ;wkiheoD dk frnkB j[zdk j? ns/ UBK dk pknd d/

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