Page 103 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ftXkJh fttjko dk fBoXkoD nKfPe o{g ft~u UBK d/ frnkB, w[~bK ns/ nfGftq~shnK s'A j[zdk j? i' fBotkuBK
s'A gfjbK UBK ft~u ftfd~nkwkB ;B, ns/ nKfPe o{g ft~u ftXkfJeK ft~u ftfd~nkwkB Bt/A gfonktoD ft~u
UBK d/ nkgD/ nB[GtK Bkb iK UBK d/ gqsh UBK dhnK gqfeqnktK s'A gqGkfts j[zdk.” fBotkuB nfXn?BK
B/ dbh gqkoEfwesktK ns/ wsdksktK dhnK ftP/PsktK ft~u ;fj^;zpzX fdykfJnk j? i' gfonktoD ns/
nB[Gt Bkb ;zpzfXs j?.

B'N; i/eo pugB ns/ feP'okt;Ek ft~u gfonktoD ns/ nB[Gkfte dpktK dk fBPfus gqGkt
fe;/ ftnesh d/ ihtB s/ g?Adk j?, sK fJj ;wMDk fBsKs soe;zrs j't/rk, fe ftn;ek
dh nt;Ek ft~u fJBK gqGktK dk nkgDk jh wj~st j?.

ukj/ fJj ;~u j? fe gqkozfGe ;wkiheoD s'A pknd jh ;wkiheoD dk fPbkfBnk; j[zdk j?, fJ; dk noE
fJjh j? fe pknd d/ ;wkiheoD dk gqshwkB gqkozfGe ;wkiheoD d/ gqshwkB d/ nB[o{g j't/. pknd d/
nB[Gkfte gqwkDK dk gqGkt ihtB d/ p[Ykg/ ft~u b'eK dhnK nfGftq~shnK ns/ nfGftfBnk;K ft~u gfotosB
fbnk fdzdk j?. “pugB ns/ feP'okt;Ek ft~u i' frnkB, w[~b ns/ nfGftq~shnK rqfjD ehshnK iKdhnK
jB, UBK Bz{ ftn;e ihtB d/ nB[GtK dh g[PmG{wh ft~u wkfgnk ikt/rk. BjhA sK nfijk ;[Mkn d/Dk
;E?fse okiBhfse fttjko dk ;[Mkn d/Dk j't/rk. i/eo ftn;e ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk pugB ns/
feP'okt;Ek dh ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk Bz{ gqpfbs eodh j? sK gfotosB dh wksok T[wo ft~u tkX/ d/ ekoD
o{Vhtkd (conservatism) ft~u tkX/ d/ Bkb ;hfws j[zdh iKdh j?, gqzs{ T[ZE/ okiBhfse fttjko ft~u
eqKshekoh gfotosB j' ;ed/ jBl fJ; gqeko d/ fto'XK dhnK iVK gqkozfGe okiBhfse ;wkiheoD ft~u
j[zdhnK jB, gqzs{ fJj pknd d/ ;wkiheoD d/ nB[GtK d/ ekoD th j' ;edk j?.’
fJ; s'A gsk ubdk j? fe okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk d/ nzsors ftnesh dk ;kok ihtB nk iKdk
j?. fJ; dh BhAj ftnesh d/ ihtB dhnK gqkofGe nt;EktK ft~u j[zdh j?, fe;/ Bt/A nB[GtK d/ ekoD pknd
dh nt;Ek ft~u fJ; dh nfX^;zouBk ft~u spdhbh (super-structure) nk ;edh j?. fJ; nt;Ek s/
;G s'A T[b/y:'r r~b fJj j? fe itkB rtkjK dk okiBhfse ;wkiheoD, nkwzv ns/ topk d/ PpdK ft~u,
pj[fdfPe gqGktK Bz{ gqtkfjs eodk j?. fJ; dk Bshik fJj j? fe p[Ykg/ ft~u ftnesh i' e[M f;~yd/ jB,
T[;Bz{ nkgD/ p~funK Bz{ gqkozfGe nt;Ek ft~u jh f;ykUD dh e'fPP eod/ jB. nwohek dk T[dkjoD g/
P eod/ j'J/ nkwzv ns/ topk fJ; r~b t~b ;ze/s eod/ jB fe d/P ft~u okiBhfse b'szso dh gqEk d/ ekoD
b'e “pknd ft~u ;e{bK, pkIkoK ns/ frfoikxoK ft~u th b'eszso dh wzr eoD brd/ jB. feUAfe nkw
s"o s/ fJ; wzr Bz{ ;theko eo fbnk iKdk j?, fJ; d/ cb;o{g ;e{bh p~u/, wId{o ns/ j'o b'e uouK,
tkd^fttkdK ns/ fBoDk^fBowkD gqshfeqnktK ft~u Gkr b?Dk P[o{ eod/ jB. fJBK nB[GtK d/ nkXko s/
ftnesh nfijhnK e[PbktK dk ftek; eo b?Adk j?, fi; Bkb Uj okiBhfse ihtB ft~u Gkr b? ;edk j?
ns/ fJ; Bkb iK sK Uj okiBhfse gfotosB fbnk ;edk j?, iK T[; Bz{ ;theko eo b?Adk j?. fJ; soK,
fJj ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk Bk e/tb ;wki dh okihfse ;fEosk ft~u pbfe gfotosBK ft~u th :'rdkB
fdzdh j? ns/ UBK dpktK Bz{ PKs eodh j? fiBK Bkb gfotosB ;zGt j[zd/ jB.”

okiBhfse ;wkiheoD dh gqfeqnk ft~u nkgD/ nkg jh d[pkok ;wkiheoD dk wkwbk nk iKdk j?, sK
ftneshnK Bz{ Bt/A tor ns/ ;fEsh ft~u Pkfwb ehsk iKdk j? fi; bJh g[okD/ ;wki ft~u e'Jh G{fwek
gqshwkB BjhA ;B.fInkdkso T[d:'fre okiBhfse gqDkbhnK fi~E/ s/Ih Bkb ;wkfie gfotosB j' oj/ jB,
Bz{ d[pkok ;wkiheoD d/ Gkoh Goew ezwK Bkb i{MDk g?Adk j?.;otkfXekotkdh okiBhfse ftt;EktK
(fit/A ckf;;N fJNbh, BkIh iowBh ns/ efwT{fB;N ;'ftns ;zx) d/ ;kfjs ft~u fJ; ftP/ s/ ekch
fXnkB fd~sk frnk j?.fJ~e j'o gqeko dk d[pkok ;wkiheoD T[d'A j[zdk j?, id'A e'Jh ;w{j fe;/ nfijh j?f;ns
tkb/ ftnesh Bz{ Pkfwb eo b?Adk j?,fi; bJh fJj nkgD/ gfjbK tkb/ gqfPePD d/ ekoD ssgo BjhA ;h.
fJ; fdPk ft~u ;wkfie ;zukbBhnsk dk fIeo ehsk ik ;edk j?. id'A fJBK r"D ns/ ftueko dhnK ;z;EktK
dh G{fwek Bz{ ;wM fbnk iKdk j?,sK jh n;hA nfXe ftPtk; d/ Bkb fJ; r~b dh ftnkfynk eo ;ed/ jK

98 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY