Page 117 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ;z;d d/ j~E ftu nkT[D br/. okik tk;sfte Pk;B Bk fojk, T[j ;zftXkfBe gqXkB pD frnk. T[j f;oc
oki eoD bZrk Pk;B BjhA. ;ko/ T[ZsokfXekohnK B/ fJ; fBnw dk gkbB ehsk.
) fizw/tko wzsoh gfoPd –
) fizw/tko wzsoh gfoPd –
) fizw/tko wzsoh gfoPd –
) fizw/tko wzsoh gfoPd –
( ( ( ( (ii) fizw/tko wzsoh gfoPd – nBkoQthA ;dh d/ wZX se nfijh ;z;Ek dk iBw j'fJnk i' iBszso
dk gqw[Zy nzr pD rJh. fJj ;z;Ek wzsoh gfoPd ;h. j'bh–j'bh tk;sfte gqPk;eh Pesh ;z;d d/ gqsh
fIzw/tko fJedbhJ/ wzsohgfoPd d/ jZE ftu nk rJh. nzs ftu, iBsk dh gqshfBXh ;Gk ‘ekwB ;Gk’
d/ jZE ftu d/P dh nzsw Pesh nkJh ns/ wzsoh wzvb T[;d/ gqsh ;w{je o{g Bkb fizw/tko j'fJnk.
) gqXkBwzsoh –
) gqXkBwzsoh –
) gqXkBwzsoh –
( ( ( ( (iii) gqXkBwzsoh – wzsoh wzvb d/ ;w{je fizw/tko dh ftjkoe ;cbsk d/ bJh B/sk dh io{os ;h, gozs{
) gqXkBwzsoh –
pj[s fdBK se fe;h B/ fJ; ;EkB Bz{ rqfjD BjhA ehsk. tkbg'b B/ f;XKs o{g ftu nkgD/ gfjb/ iK
gqXkBwzsoh ep{b BjhA ehsk. fco th ;z;d ns/ wzsohwzvb ftu T[;dh gqXkBsk ;h. pj[s fdBK se fJ;
T[s/ ehsh fJjh ;fEsh ojh. 1937 JhH ftu pj[ws db dk B/sk gqXkBwzsoh j'D brk.
( ( ( ( (iv) wzsohwzvb ns/ wzsohwzvbh gZXsh – – wzsohwzvbh ftnt;Ek (Cabinet System) fpqfNP
) wzsohwzvb ns/ wzsohwzvbh gZXsh –
) wzsohwzvb ns/ wzsohwzvbh gZXsh –
) wzsohwzvb ns/ wzsohwzvbh gZXsh
) wzsohwzvb ns/ wzsohwzvbh gZXsh –
;zftXkB dh nkXkofPbk j?. ;N[noN ekb ftu wzsohwzvb nkozGe o{g ftu ;h. 1696 JhH dh Whig
Junto Bkb wzsohwzvb dh tk;sfte P[o{nks j[zdh j?.
tkbg/b dh nrtkJh ekb ftu wzsohwzvbh dh ;kohnk ftP/PsktK dk T[d/ j' u[Zfenk ;h. wzsohwzvbkswe
T[ZsodkfJst dk ftek; th T[BQK fdBK ftu j'fJnk. nmkoQthA ;dh d/ nzs se wzsohwzvbh ftnt;Ek dh
;koh o{VhnK ;Ekgs j' rJh ns/ T[BQK Bzz{ ;zftXkBe wkBsk fwbD brh.
b'e ;Gk dk gqikszsoheoD –
b'e ;Gk dk gqikszsoheoD –
b'e ;Gk dk gqikszsoheoD –
b'e ;Gk dk gqikszsoheoD –
b'e ;Gk dk gqikszsoheoD – ;z;d d/ ;zpzX ftu d' wjZstg{oB ftek; j'J/ – (1) b'e;Gk dk gqikszsoh
eoD ns/ (2) ;z;d ftu Pesh dk ;EkB^gfotosD. 1832 JhH se ekwB ;Gk bkov ;gk dh soQK
e[bhBsKsfoe ;h. fJ;dk gqshfBfXnkswe o{g BjhA d/ pokpo ;h, gozs{ iBsk dk wzr d/ ekoB j'bh–j'bh
wskfXeko dk y/so tXD brk. wsdksktK d/ ftu okiBhfse Pesh dk fInkdk fBnKfJe tzv bJh ;z;dh
y/soK dk w[V ftsoD j'fJn, u'D gquko nkfd d/ fBnw fBPfus ehs/ rJ/. 1918 JhH d/ iB gqshfBXhst
nfXfBnw (Representation of the People's Act, 1918) ns/ g{oe ;wkB wskfXeko d/ ekBz{B B/ fJ;
eqw Bz{ g{ok ehsk. nZi ekwB ;Gk ftPt d/ gqiksKsfoe ;dBK ftu'A fJe j?.

) ;z;d ftu Pesh dk ;EkB gfotsD –
) ;z;d ftu Pesh dk ;EkB gfotsD –
( ( ( ( (vi) ;z;d ftu Pesh dk ;EkB gfotsD –) ;z;d ftu Pesh dk ;EkB gfotsD – ;z;d ;zpzXh d{ik ftek; ekwB ;Gk dh Pesh dk tXDk
) ;z;d ftu Pesh dk ;EkB gfotsD –
ns/ bkov ;Gk dh Pesh ftu jok; ;h. 1911 JhH d/ ;z;d nfXfBnw (Parliament Act, 1911) B/ fJBQK
dh puh y[uh Pesh Bz{ fSzB fbnk. nZi fJj d{ik BjhA pbfe fJe d{i/ eqw dk ;dB j' frnk.
) okiBhsh dbK dk T[d/ –
) okiBhsh dbK dk T[d/ –
( ( ( ( (vii) okiBhsh dbK dk T[d/ –) okiBhsh dbK dk T[d/ – gqshfBXh ;oeko ftu okiBhfse db dk T[d/ nt~PzGkth j?. gfjbk
) okiBhsh dbK dk T[d/ –
gqshfBXh ;oeko j'D d/ ekoB ;G s'A gfjbK fJzrb?Av ftu jh okiBhfse dbK dk iBw j'fJnk.
e?t/fJbo;'
e?t/fJbo;' (Cavaliars)
e?t/fJbo;'
nmkoQthA ;dh se fe;h db dk T[d/ Bk j' gkfJnk ;h. eqkwt/b d/ ;w/A ftu ‘e?t/fJbo;'e?t/fJbo;'
e'oN
e'oN
ns/ ‘okT[Avj/v;'okT[Avj/v;' (Roundheads), ukob; d{i/ d/ oki ekb ftu ‘e'oNe'oN’ (Court) ns/ ‘ezNohezNoh’
e'oN
ezNoh
okT[Avj/v;'
okT[Avj/v;'
ezNoh
okT[Avj/v;'
ezNoh
J/G'oo;
(Country), ‘;N{noN;N{noN fgfNPBo; J/G'oo;
J/G'oo;
;N{noN
;N{noN
;N{noN’ :[r dzs ftu ‘fgfNPBo;fgfNPBo;’ (Petitioners) ns/ ‘J/G'oo;J/G'oo;’ (Abhorers)
fgfNPBo;
fgfNPBo;
go;go fto'Xh r[N ;B, okiBhfse db BjhA. fBPfus f;XKs, g'qrokw ns/ gko;gfoe ;fjBPhbsk
tfjAr
tfjAr
okiBhfse db d/ bJh io{oh j? fe fiBQK dh fJBQK dbK Bz{ ewh ;h. fJBQK nkXkoK T[s/ ‘tfjArtfjAr’
tfjAr
(Whing) ‘N'ohN'oh’ (Tory) dbK dk okiBhfse dbK dk nkozGe o{g wzfBnk ik ;edk j?. nmkoQthA ns/
N'oh
N'oh
N'oh
T[BhAthA Pskpdh ftu wzsohwzvb gZXsh d/ ftek; d/ Bkb dbK dk th ftek; j'fJnk. T[dko db ns/
nB[dotkdh db okiBhfse ftnt;Ek d/ e/Ado pD rJ/. nZi eb wid{o db ns/ nB[dko db gqw[Zy
okiBhfse db jB.
) j'o ;zftXkfBe ftek; –
( ( ( ( (viii) j'o ;zftXkfBe ftek; – – ;N{noN tzP d/ pknd j'o okiBhfse ftek; j'J/. 1707 JhH ftu
) j'o ;zftXkfBe ftek;
) j'o ;zftXkfBe ftek; –
) j'o ;zftXkfBe ftek; –
fJzrb?Av dk ;ekNb?Av dk ;z;dkswe rmB j'fJnk. 1801 JhH ftu nkfJob?Av th T[; ;zrmBG d/ nzsors
nk frnk. fpqfNP ;woki ftPt d/ fJe S'o s'A d{i/ S'o se c?b frnk. ;EkBe ;tkfJs ;z;EktK dk w[V
rmB ns/ gqikszsoheoD j'fJnk. fBnK, ftjt;Ek ns/ b'e ;/tktK ftu ;[Xko j'fJnk. ;oeko d/ ezwk d/
tXD d/ ekoD gqPk;eh nzrK ftu tkXk j'fJnk. fJ; gqeko, fpqfNP ;zftXkB ftu nB/e gfotosD j'J/
ns/ nZi th j' oj/ jB ftek; dk ewq o[fenk BjhA j?, fJj rshPhb j?. n'r ns/ fize d/ Ppdk ftu, ‘:[r–
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