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fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
uhBh rDoki d/ ;zftXkB dh fJfsjk;e gqPmG{wh Bz{ j/m fby/ GkrK ftu tzfvnk ik ;edk j?– BØN
1H toswkB ekb ftu ;zftXkB dk ftek; (Development of Constitution in Modern times) – 1984
JhH s'A 1949 se.
2H n;EkJh ;zftXkB (Provisional Constitution) – 1949 JhH s'A 1954 JhH se.
3H 1954 JhH dk ;zftXkB.
4H 1975 JhH dk ;zftXkB.
5H 1978 JhH dk ;zftXkB.
6H toswkB ;zftXkB (1982 JhH)
)L
)L
)L nkX[fBe uhB d/ ;zftXkB dk ftek;
;zftXkB dk ftek; (Development of Constitutionalism)L
;zftXkB dk ftek; (
;zftXkB dk ftek; ( )L
;zftXkB dk ftek; (
;zftXkB dk ftek; (
1894 JhH ftu ikgkB d[nkok T[;dh jko d/ T[gozs P[o{ j[zdk j? fJ; fdPk ftu ;[Xko nzd'bB (Reform
Movment) gfjbk T[b/yBh edw j?. eKr :{^ph dh nrtkJh ftu ;[XkotkdhnK B/ nzd'bB ubkfJnk fi;dk
T[d/P nfij/ ;zftXkB dh ;EkgB eoB dh ;h fi;dk nkXko g{zihtkd ns/ ;kwzstkd j't/. w{b s"o s/ fJj
nzd'bB gqrshtkdh ;h. 1898 JhH se fJ;Bz{ e[ub fdZsk frnk. ;[XkotkdhnK d/ Bkb–Bkb uhB ftu fJe
eqKshekoh r[N dk T[d/ j'fJnk. fJ; dk B/sk vkH ;fBnks ;?B ;h. eqKshekoh r[N fJe p[oi[nk gqiksKsfoe
rDoki (Bourgeois Democratic Republic) dh ;EkgBk eoBk ukj[zdk ;h.
eqKshekohnK dh tXdh Pesh Bz{ d/y e/ wzu{ Pk;B B/ ;zftXkB–fBowkD dh x'PDk dh ns/ ;zftXkB dh f;XKsK
dk T[b/y ehsk. fJBQK ;zftXkBe f;XKsk dk T[d/P fBoze[P ;kwzstkdh Pk;B Bz{ fdqV pDkT[Dk ns/ iBsk Bz{
X'yk d/Dk ;h. eqKshekohnK B/ wzu{ ;zftXkBtkd Bz{ X'y/ dh N~Nh efj e/ fto'X ehsk, go ;[XkotkdhnK B/
T[;dk ;woEB ehsk.
1911 JhH ftu wzu{ dk nzs j' frnk. ;dhnK g[okD/ ;kwzstkdh okiszso d/ ;EkB T[s/ uhBh rDszso dh BhAj
gJh. vkH ;fBnks ;/B dh nrtkJh ftu ‘n;EkJh ;zftXkB’ (Provision Constitution) dh BhAj gJh. fJj
gqrshtkdh T[s/ p[oi[nk rDoki ;h. 1919 JhH dh eqKsh B/ uhB ftu gqiksKsfoe rDoki dk phi p'fJnk.

gqshfeqnktkdhnK d/ ;kjwD/ rDoki Bk fNe ;fenk. :{ nkB^Ph^ekJh ns/ ghnKr :[ZX ;kwzsK d/ nXhB
“uhB rDoki” f;oc Bkw d/ bJh ofj frnk. nzfsw :[ZX ftu ;kwzsK B/ 1923 JhH ftu fdykt/ d/ bJh
fJe ;zftXkB dh x'PDk ehsh. gozs{ eqKshekohnK B/ fJ;dk fto'X ehsk.
fJ; ftu ;kfwntkdh db dk T[d/ j'fJnk. vkH ;fBnks ;?B dh nrtkjH ftu jh T[; B/ ;wokitkd ns/
;kwzstkd d/ fto[ZX ;zxoP P[o{ ehsk. gozs{, vkH ;/B dh w"S d/ pknd funKr–ekJh^P/e ;kwtkdhnK dk
dwB eoB brk. d/P ftu rqfj^:[ZX fSV frnk. ;kwtkdhnK dh nrtkJh ftu iBsk B/ gqshfeqnktkdh
Pk;B d/ fto[ZX bVkJh P[o{ fdZsh. funKr^ekJh^P/e, i' ;zftXkB d/ gZy ftu BjhA ;h, nzs ftu 1946
JhH ftu fJe ;zftXkB dk fBowkB ehsk, fi;dk uhBh iBsk B/ izw e/ fto'X ehsk. fJ; gqeko, nzfsw
uoB ftu g{zihtkdh e[nkfwzsKr ns/ ;wkitkd PeshnK ftu oki d/ ftP/P) o{g dk ngDkT[D d/ bJh fteN
;zxoP ufbnk. nzs ftu, 1949 JhH ftu ;wkitkdh PeshnK dh fiZs j'Jh ns/ wid{oK dh nrtkJh ftu
iBtkdh rDoki (People's Republic) dh ;EkgBk j'Jh.

E'V/ ftu, ;kwtkdh eqKsh d/ g{ot uhB ftu d' gqeko d/ ;zftXkB dk fBowkD j'fJnk ;h. wzu{ tzP, ghnKr
:[ZX ;kwzs ns/ funKr^ekJh^P/e d[nkok fBofws gqshfeqnktkdh ns/ fdyktNh ;zftXkB ns/ d{ik, vkH
;fBnks ;/B d[nkok fBofws p[oi[nk gqiksKsfoe ;zftXkB.
) –
) – ;kwtkdh Pk;B dh ;EkgBk d/ s[ozs pknd fe;h
n;EkJh ;zftXkB (
) –
n;EkJh ;zftXkB ( ) –
n;EkJh ;zftXkB (
n;EkJh ;zftXkB (Provisional Constitution) –
n;EkJh ;zftXkB (
;zftXkB dk fBowkD BjhA ehsk frnk. Pk;B ftnt;Ek d/ ;zukbB d/ bJh fJe nkw g'qrokw (Common
Programme) Bz{ ngDkfJnk frnk fi;B/ gzi ;kbK se n;EkJh ;zftXkB (Provision Constitution)
okiBhfse ;bkjdksk ;zw/bB
okiBhfse ;bkjdksk ;zw/bB
d/ o{g ftu ezw ehsk. nkw g'qrokw dk fBowkD uhBh iBtkdh okiBhfse ;bkjdksk ;zw/bBokiBhfse ;bkjdksk ;zw/bB (Chinese
okiBhfse ;bkjdksk ;zw/bB
People's Politial Consultative Conference) Bkwe ;z;Ek d[nkok j'fJnk. fJj fJe fyuVh ;z;Ek ;h.
fi; ftu ;kwtkdh db d/ Bkb ftfGzB okiBhfse dbK, b'e ;zrmBK, iBPesh ;?Bk ns/ ;w[zdo gko uhBhnK
d/ gqshfBXh Pkwb ;B. ;zw/bB d[nkok fBoXkos nkw gq'rokw ftrs ;kbK dh iBtkdh eqKshnK d/ nB[Gt

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