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fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
fJekJh^6L ;wkfie–nkofEe nkXko ns/ ;zftXkB d/ w[Zy bSD
:[r ftu T[; ftu ftek; jz[dk nk fojk j?, fJZE'A se fe toswkB ekb ftu th.” gozs{ ;zftXkB dh nkswk BØN
ftu e'Jh gfotosD BjhA j'fJnk j?. :Ekekb ftnt;Ek fpqfNP ;zftXkB dh gqw[Zy ftP/Psk j?.
nw/foeh ;zftXkB dk ftek;
nw/foeh ;zftXkB dk ftek;
nw/foeh ;zftXkB dk ftek; (Development of American Constitutions)
nw/foeh ;zftXkB dk ftek;
nw/foeh ;zftXkB dk ftek;
jo/e ;zftXkB dh iV nshs d/ roG ftu S[ghnK j'JhnK jB. nwoheh ;zftXkB ftu fJ;dk ngtkd BjhA
j?. ;' toswkB ;zftXkB d/ ;w[fus frnkB d/ bJh T[;dk fJfsjk;e frnkB io{oh j?. nfXn?B dh ;[ftXk
d/ bJh ;zftXkB d/ ftek; B{z uko fjZf;nK ftu tzfvnk ik ;edk j? – (1) T[gfBt/PheoD (Colonization),
(2) ;[szsosk (Independence), (3) okiwzvb (Confederation) ns/ (4) ;zftXkB (Constitution).
T[gfBt/PheoD (Colonization)
T[gfBt/PheoD
T[gfBt/PheoD
T[gfBt/PheoD
T[gfBt/PheoD
) –
) – ;'bQthA ns/ ;skoQthA PskpdhnK ftu okiK
d/PKsotk;hnK dk nkrwB ( ) –
d/PKsotk;hnK dk nkrwB (
d/PKsotk;hnK dk nkrwB (
) –
d/PKsotk;hnK dk nkrwB (
d/PKsotk;hnK dk nkrwB (Arrival of Immigrants) –
d[nkok ftP/P XowK d/ nB[:kJhnK T[s/ n~fsnkuko j[zdk ;h. b'eK d/ Xow ns/ o;w–fotki ;zeN ftu ;B.
;' T[BQK b'eK Bz{ ngDk d/P SZv e/ BthA d[BhnK dh PoD b?Dh gJh.
) –
toD;zeo ;z;feqsh dk iBw ( ) –
toD;zeo ;z;feqsh dk iBw (
toD;zeo ;z;feqsh dk iBw (
toD;zeo ;z;feqsh dk iBw (British of a hybrid culture) – – ftfGzB d/Ptk;hnK d/ nkrwB B/
)
toD;zeo ;z;feqsh dk iBw (
) –
nwohek ftu fJe toD;zeo ;z;feqsh Bz{ iBw fdZsk. fBPeqwkDekohnK ftu nzr/qiK dh pj[sks ;h fiBQK
B/ nkgDh GkPk, ;[szsosk, ;tPk;B dh gozgoktK nkfd dk phiko'gD fJ; d/P ftu ehsk. j'o d/Ptk;hnK
B/ th nKfPe o{g ftu fJ; BthA ;fGnsk T[s/ gqGkt gkfJnk. cb;o{g fJe fwfPqs ;z;feqsh dk iBw
j'fJnk i' w{b s"o s/ nzr/qIh ;h go Bkb–Bkb j'o ;z;feqshnK Bkb th gqGkts ;h.
T[gfBt/P ftu ;EkBe Pk;B ( )
T[gfBt/P ftu ;EkBe Pk;B (Local Governments) –) – – nwoheh T[gfBt/PK dh j'o gqw[Zy ;EkJh
) –
) –
T[gfBt/P ftu ;EkBe Pk;B (
T[gfBt/P ftu ;EkBe Pk;B (
T[gfBt/P ftu ;EkBe Pk;B (
ftP/Psk ;EkBe ;z;EKtk ;h. nkX[fBe ekb dh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dk fJZE'A jh nkozG j[zdk j?. fBT[ fJzrb?Av
dh gqw[Zy d/D PfjoK ftu gqsZy gqikszso ;h. dZyD ftu ekT[ANhnK dk ftek; j'fJnk i' ;EkBe dh
T[g:[es fJekJhnK f;ZX j'JhnK, wZX d/ T[gfBt/PK ftu ;EkBe Pk;B, d/jksh fJekJhnK dh BhAj gJh
ns/ dZyD d/ tZv/–tZv/ PfjoK d/ Pk;B ekb dh P[o{nks j'Jh.
)L
;[szsosk (
;[szsosk ( )L
)L ‘i/w; NkT[B dh ;EkgBk ns/ ;[szsosk dh x''PDk’ d/ ftu 169 ;kb phs
;[szsosk (
;[szsosk (Independence)L )L
;[szsosk (
rJ/, gozs{ T[gfBt/Ptk;hnK B/ edh ;tkXhBsk dh wzr BjhA ehsh. fJ; ftu f;oc S'N/–S'N/ ;EkBe ns/
ftneshrs MrV/ j[zd/ oj/, gozs{ j'bh–j'bh Pk;B d/ fGqPNkuko ns/ P'PD d/ ekoD n;zs'y dh nZr GVeD
brh. ;[szsosk ;zrqkw dk ekoD fInkdkso ;?XKfse ;h. fJj T[gfBt/P fpqfNP ;wokN dh ;Zsk B{z ;theko
eod/ ;B, gozs{ T[BQK ftu ;z;d dk dyb BjhA ;h. id noEkGkt d/ ekoD ;ko/ torK T[s/ finkdk N?e;
brkfJnk ikD brk ns/ tgko s/ gqPk;B ;zpzXh em'o fBnw pDkJ/ rJ/ sK T[gfBt/PK ftu s/i o'P ftnkgs
j' frnk. T[gfBt/PK dk efjDk ;h fe “fpBK gqshfBXhst d/ N?e; BjhA brkT[Dk ukjhdk.” T[j fpqfNP
;oeko d[nkok N?e; brkJ/ ikD d/ fto'Xh ;B.
wjkdthghJ/ eKro; ns/ ;[szsosk dh x'PDk –
wjkdthghJ/ eKro; ns/ ;[szsosk dh x'PDk –
wjkdthghJ/ eKro; ns/ ;[szsosk dh x'PDk –
wjkdthghJ/ eKro; ns/ ;[szsosk dh x'PDk – w/;ku[;/N; d/ fBtk;hnK B/ eqKsh dh nrtkJh ehsh.
wjkdthghJ/ eKro; ns/ ;[szsosk dh x'PDk –
T[BQK dh e'fPP d/ cb;to{g 1774 JhH ftu pkoQK T[gfBt/PK d/ gqshfBXhnK dk ;zw/bB fcbkv/bfcnk Bro
ftu j'fJnk fi;Bz{ ‘gfjbk wjkdhghJ/ eKro;’ (The First Continental Congress) fejk iKdk j?.
eKro; B/ nfXekoK dh x'PDk ehsh, ePNK B{z d{o eoB dh gqfsfrnk ehsh ns/ ‘wjkdhg ;zrmB’
(Continental Association) dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh fi; Bkb ftdq'j dk ;zrmB j' ;e/.nrb/ ;kb th
;zw/bB nkwzsfos eoB dk fBPu/ ehsk frnk 1795 Jh ftu d{ih wjkdhghJ/ eKro; (The Second
Continental Congress) dh p?me j'Jh. ikoihnk d/ Pkwb j'D Bkb fJ; tko e[b okPNoK dh ;zfynk
s/oQK j' rJhnK gfjbK eKro; dh soQK fJ; ftu ngqsZy o{g s'A fBotkfus iBsk d/ jh gqshfBXh ;B. fJ;
eKro; dk ftP/P wjZst fJ; bJh j? fe wkou 1781 JhH se fJj ‘;z:[es T[gfBt/PK dh ;oeko d/
nkfXekoe nzr’ (Official Organ) d/ o{g ftu ezw eodh ojh. fJ; gqeko fJj njw/foek dh gfjbh
okPNoh ;oeko ;h.
fJ; okPNo Bz{ Ugukfoe o{g s'A iBw d/D ns/ eKro; dh nfXeko–;zgzBk pDkT[D d/ bJh i{B 1776 JhH
ftu shi/ wjkdhghJ/ eKro; (Third Continental Congresss) dh p?me j'Jh. Nkw; i?co;B dh
nrtkJh ftu ;[szsosk dk x'PBk–gZso (Declaration of Independence) Bz{ 4 i[bkJh 1776 Bz{

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