Page 163 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN T[whdtko n?AvfoT[ i?e;B dh T[whdtkoh Bz{ n;theko eoB d/ ekoD dbK d[nkok okPNogsh d/ gd d/
T[whdtkoK d/ wB'BfJB dh ftXh ftu gfotosD fbnk frnk j?.
j[D T[whdtkoK dh u'D v/w'e/qfNe ns/ fogpbfeB dbK d/ okPNoh ;zw/bBK (National Convention) d[nkok
j[zdk j?. fJ; j/s{ ;zftXkB ftu e[M BjhA fejk frnk j?. jo/e db dh okPNoh ;fwsh nkgD/–nkgD/ db
d/ bJh ;zw/bB d/ ;w/A ns/ ;EkB dk fBoD/ eodh j?. fJ; ;zpzX ftu gkozfGe ftnt;Ek eodh j?.
jo/e db nkgDk ;zw/bB i[bkJh iK nr;s d/ wjhB/ ftu eodk j?. okPNoh ;zw/bB d/ gqshfBXh
(Delegates) d/ u'D d/ bJh db ftfGzB sohe/ ngDkT[Ad/ jB, fit/A–nkozGe y/soK d[nkok, okiK fibK ;zw/
bBK d[nkok, e/Adoh ;whshnK d[nkok ns/ edh–edh oki dh dbhJ/ ;whsh d[nko gqshfBXh u[D/ iKd/ jB.
gqshfBXhnK dh ;zfynk nkw s"o s/ 1500 s'A 3,000 d/ ft~u j[zdh j?. ;zw/bB ftu gqshfBXhnK d/ nbktk
e[M t?ebfge gqshfBXh (Alternate Delegates) th j[zd/ jB i' fBnfws gqshfBXhnK (Regular Delegates)
dh r?ojkIoh ftu wsdkB ftu Gkr b?Ad/ jB. ;zw/bB fJe jkb ftu j[zdk j? fi; ftu gqshfBXhnK d/ nbktk
o/vhU fog'oNoK, g?q: ;ztkddksktK ns/ NhekekoK Bz{ th ;Zdk fd~sk iKdk j?. ;zw/bB dk tksktoD pj[s jh
T[s/fis ofjzdk j?, P'o–Pokp/ Bkb jkb r{zidk ofjzdk j? ns/ i'Pg{oB GkPB ;[DB Bz{ fwbd/ jB. T[whdtkoK
dh u'D nfij/ ebfjg{oB tksktoD ftu BjhA ;edh j?. fJ;bJh db d/ gqw[Zy B/sk go;go ;"d/pkih eod/
jB ns/ okPNogsh ns/ T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh nfij/ T[whdtkooK Bz{ u[DB dh e'fPP eod/ jB fiBQK
Bz{ gqshfBXhnK dk ;gPN pj[ws (Absolute majority) fwb ikJ/.
Ugukfoe o{g ftu jo/e T[whdtko dk Bkw T[;d/ fe;/ ;woEe d[nkok Ui;th GkPD d/ Bkb gq;skfts
ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fe;/ d{i/ gqshfBXh d[nkok T[; Bkiw dk ;woEB ehsk iKdk j?. T[whdtkoK dk Bkw
gq;skfts j' ikD d/ pknd wsdkB j[zdk j?. T[;h ftnesh Bz{ db dk T[whdtko x'fPs ehsk iKdk j/. fi;
Bz{ gqshfBXhnK dk ;gPN pj[ws gqkgs j' ikJ/. i/ fe;/ T[whdtko Bz{ ;gPN pj[ws gqkgs Bk j' ikJ/. eJh
tko wsdkB d/ nB/e d"o ubd/ jB. T[dkjoD ;o{G, 1880 ftu fogpfbeB db d/ okPNoh ;zw/bb ftu
rkochbv d/ wB'BfJB j/s{ 36 tko wsdkb j'fJnk ns/ 1904 ftu v/w'feqfNe db d/ okPNoh ;zw/bB ftu
ikB v/ftv d/ wB'BfJB j/s{ 103 tko wsdkB eoBk fgnk.

T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh wB'BfJB –
T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh wB'BfJB – T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh T[whdtkoK dk wB'BfJB okPNogsh
T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh wB'BfJB –
T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh wB'BfJB –
T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh wB'BfJB –
dh GKsh jh j[zdk j?. fJ; ;zpzX ftu fJj gozgok pD rJh j? fe okPNogsh ns/ T[gokPNogsh gd d/
T[whdtko e/tb fJe oki d/ BjhA j'Dr/ pbfe fJe y/so d/ th BjhA j'Dr/. fJ;dk noE fJj j? fe i/
okPNogsh gd dk T[whdtko T[Zsoh okiK s'A j? sK T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh T[whdtko d~yDh okiK s'A
j'Dk ukjhdk j?. feT[AFe T[gokPNogsh d/ gd dk wj~st nwoheh okiBhsh ftu Bk pokpo j?, fJ; bJh
fJ; gd d/ bJh seVk ;zxoP BjhA j[zdk j? ns/ ibdh j? e'Jh T[whdtko ;gPN pj[ws gqkgs eo b?Adk
j?.
) u'D nfGnkB –
) u'D nfGnkB –
) u'D nfGnkB –
( ( ( ( (ii) u'D nfGnkB –) u'D nfGnkB – okPNogsh ns/ T[gokPNogsh d/ gdK d/ bJh wB'BfJB ;wkgs j[zd/ jh T[whdtko
nkgD/ db dh fJe okPNoh ;whsh dk rmB eodk j?. fJj ;whsh nkgDk fJe gqXkB ns/ yiKuh u[Ddh
j?. okiK, fifbnK ns/ j'o ;EkBK ftu db d/ dcso y'b/Q iKd/ jB. u'D gquko i'oK Bkb P[o{ j[zdk j?. bZyK
vkbo you ehs/ iKd/ jB. Gkt/A u'D nfGnkB T[s/ ekBz{BB 30 bZy vkbo se you ehsk ik ;edk j?, gozs{
T[whdtko fJ; ;hwk ftu pj[s fInkdk you eod/ jB. 1960 d/ u'D ftu ;ko/ T[whdtkoK B/ e[b fwbk
e/ brGr 2750 b~y vkbo you ehs/, 1964 d/ u'D ftu 360 b~y vkbo ns/ 1972 d/ u'D ftu 400 b~y
vkbo T[whdtkoK B/ you ehs/. ;wkuko g~soK, o/vhU, N/bhftIB T[s/ T[whdtkoK d/ ihtB–ufo~sq ns/
dbhJ/ BhshnK dk gqekPB, ;GktK ftneshrs ;zgoe nkfde ftfGzB sohe/ u'D–gquko d/ ezw ftu fbnkJ/
iKd/ jB.
) fBotkuB wzvb dh u'D –
) fBotkuB wzvb dh u'D –
) fBotkuB wzvb dh u'D –
( ( ( ( (iii) fBotkuB wzvb dh u'D – nrbk esw fBotkue wzvb dk iBsk d[nkok u'D j?. d'tK dbK d[nkok
) fBotkuB wzvb dh u'D –
fBotkue wzvb d/ bJh T[whdtko yV/ ehs/ iKd/ jb fJBQK T[whdtkoK Bz{ nkgD/–nkgD/ dbK d/ okPNogsh
ns/ T[gokPNogsh gdK d/ bJh T[whdtkoK Bz{ t'N d/D dh gqfsfrnk b?Dh g?Adh j?. fBotkue dh u'D
wsdksktK d[nkok j[zdk j?. jo/e oki ftu fBotkue wzvb d/ w?ApoK dh u'D–gqDkbh (list system) d/ nkXko
T[s/ j[zdk j? noEks t'N fe;/ T[whdtko bJh BjhA pbfe db dh ;{uh d/ g~y ftu gkJ/ iKd/ jB. fI; fdB

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