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fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fJekJh^7L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ekoigkfbek
fBeN ;zgoe oydk ;h ‘uhc nkc efwNh’ dk nkg fBnzsoD–fBod/PD eodk ;h ns/ fJ~E'A se fe B";?fBe BØN
:'iBktK, :ksk;ks, ykfdn nkg{osh, okPNoh ftZs nkfd T[s/ nkg fBrokBh oydk ;h. fJ; gqeko :[Z~X
;zukbB dh Pesh T[BQK d/ j~EK ftu e/Afdqs j' rJh ;h. wJh, 1966 ftu B";?fBe eowukohnK (Seaman)
dh jVskb d/ ekoD gqXkBwzsoh ftb; B/ ;zeN ekb dh x'PDk ehsh ;h fi;d/ nB[;ko ykfdn–nzB d/ nk:ks
fBo:ks ns/ io{oh ;/tktK ftu o'e gj[zukT[D tkfbnK Bz{ ;ik dk Gkrh j'Dk fgnk.
:{Hn?;HJ/H, cqK;, oPhnk, uhB dk okPNogsh ns/ ;ftNIob?Av dh
7H2
7H2
:{Hn?;HJ/H, cqK;, oPhnk, uhB dk okPNogsh ns/ ;ftNIob?Av dh
7H2 :{Hn?;HJ/H, cqK;, oPhnk, uhB dk okPNogsh ns/ ;ftNIob?Av dh
:{Hn?;HJ/H, cqK;, oPhnk, uhB dk okPNogsh ns/ ;ftNIob?Av dh
7H2 :{Hn?;HJ/H, cqK;, oPhnk, uhB dk okPNogsh ns/ ;ftNIob?Av dh
7H2
pj[b ekoigkfbek
pj[b ekoigkfbek (The President of U.S.A., France, Russia, China,
pj[b ekoigkfbek
pj[b ekoigkfbek
pj[b ekoigkfbek
and Plural Executive of Switzerland)
nwfoeh okPNogsh
nwfoeh okPNogsh
nwfoeh okPNogsh
nwfoeh okPNogsh (American President)
nwfoeh okPNogsh
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB d[nkok okPNogsh gd dk f;oiB –
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB d[nkok okPNogsh gd dk f;oiB –
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB d[nkok okPNogsh gd dk f;oiB
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB d[nkok okPNogsh gd dk f;oiB –
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB d[nkok okPNogsh gd dk f;oiB – – ;z:[es oki nwfoek ftu w[yh–g~Xsh
dh ;oeko j?. 1787 ftu fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB (Philadelphia Convention) B/ tkd–fttkd d/ pknd
fJ; g~Xsh B{z ngDkfJnk fi;d/ Bshi/ ti'A ;zftXkB ftu okPNogsh dk f;oiB ehsk frnk. fcbkv/bfcnk
;zw/bB d/ gqshfBXh fJews ;B fe e/Ado ftu fJe PeshPkbh ekoigkfbek dk fBowkB ehsk ikt/l feT[Afe
okiwzvb nB[S/dK (Articles of Confederation) ftu fJe ;[fBPfus ns/ e/Adoh ekoigkfbek d/ nGkt
dk T[BQK Bz{ eN{ nB[Gt j' u[ek ;h. fco th T[BQK Bz{ fXnkB oyDk ;h fe ekoigkfbek T[ABh PeshPkbh th
Bk j't/ i' fBoze[P pD ikJ/. ;' PeshPkbh, go fBnzfsqs, ekoigkfbek d/ fdqPNhe'D s'A nB/e ftebg gq;s[s
ehs/ rJ/, fit/A – tzPkB[rs okik, iBsk d[nkok fBotkfus gqXkB ftnt;Ekfgek d/ gqsh T[ZsohdkJh
ekoigkfbek J/eb iK pj[b ;zxh ekoigkfbek nkfd. nzs ftu fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB ftu fBPfus
ekoiftXh d/ bJh fBotkfus J/eb ekoigkfbek d/ gZy ftu ;wM"sk j'fJnk. ;' ;zftxkB ftu fJj
ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh fe ekoi gkfbek Pesh fJe okPNogsh ftu fBfjs j't/rh i' uko ;kb d/ bJh
ngqsZy o{g Bkb fBotkfus j'D.
okPNogsh dk fBotkuB (
okPNogsh dk fBotkuB (
okPNogsh dk fBotkuB (Election of the President)) )) )
okPNogsh dk fBotkuB (
okPNogsh dk fBotkuB (
(e) ;zftXkfBe T[gbpX (
(e) ;zftXkfBe T[gbpX (
(e) ;zftXkfBe T[gbpX (Constitutional Provisions)
(e) ;zftXkfBe T[gbpX (
(e) ;zftXkfBe T[gbpX (
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB dk fBoD/ –
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB dk fBoD/ – fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB ftu okPNogsh dh fBotkuB g~Xsh d/ gqPB
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB dk fBoD/ –
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB dk fBoD/ –
fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB dk fBoD/ –
T[s/ gqshfBXhnK ftu wsG/d ;h. w[~y s"o s/ d' ;[Mkn gq;s[s ehs/ rJ/. gfjbk, e[M gqshfBXhnK B/ iBsk
d[nkok gqsZy fBotkuB dk ;[Mkt ofynkL gozs{ fJ; B{z ftntjkos n;zGt ;wMkfJnk. fJ; g~Xsh Bkb
nftnt;Ek, j[bVpkih ns/ okiBhfse n;ziw dk th vo ;h. ;' fJ; ;[Mkn Bz{ BjhA wzfBnk frnk. d{ik,
okPNogsh dk eKro; d[nkok fBotkuB dk ;[Mkn gq;s[s ehsk frnk fi;Bz{ ;zw/bB dk ;woED gqkgs
j'fJnk. gozs{ fJj g~Xsh PeshnK d/ t~yo/gB d/ f;XKs dk T[bzxD eodh ;h ns/ ;zftxkB fBowksk
okPNogsh Bz{ ftXkB gkfbek s'A ;[szso ;fEsh d/Dk ukj[zd/ ;B. fJj ;[Mkn th n;thfeqs jh fojk. nzs
ftu d'tK ;[MktK d/ ftu dk o;sk ngDkfJnk frnk. fJe nfijh fBotkuB–g~Xsh dh y'i ehsh rJh i'
okPNogsh Bz{ eKro; s'A ;[szso ;fEsh gqdkB eodh ns/ ngqs~y o{g Bkb iBsk B{z fBotkuB ftu th Gkr
b?D dk nt;o gqdkB eodh.
fBotkuB wzvb ( ) –
) –
fBotkuB wzvb (
) –
) –
fBotkuB wzvb (Electoral College) – ;zftXkB d/ d{i/ nB[S/d ftu okPNogsh d/ fBotkuB ftXh
fBotkuB wzvb (
fBotkuB wzvb (
(Procedure of Election) dk T[b/y ehsk frnk j?. okPNogsh dk fBotkuB fJe fBotkue wzvb
(Electoral College) d[nkok j[zdk j?. fBotkue–rD okiK d[nkok fB:[es w?Apo (Electoral) j[zd/ jB. jo/
e oki s'A fBotkueK dh ;zfynk eKro; d/ d't/A ;dBk ftu oki d/ gqshfBXhnK d/ pokpo j[zdh j? noEks
jo/e oki s'A fBotkueK dh ;zfynk eKro; d/ ;dBK ftu fwbe/ gqshfBXh j[zd/ jB. fBotkueK dh fB:[esh
jo/e oki d/ ftXkBwzvb d[nkok fBoXkfos ohsh Bkb j[zdh j?. brGr ;" ;kbK s' ;ko/ okiK ftu fBotkueK
dk fBotkuB gqsZy o{g Bkb iBsk d[nkok ftn;e wskfXeko d/ nkXko T[s/ j[zdk j?. fJ; gqfeqnk Bz{
T[dkjoD d[nkok ;wMkfJnk ik ;edk j?, i/ fe;/ oki dh ;hB/N ftu d' w?ApoK ns/ gqshfBXh ;Gk ftu S/
w?Apo j'D sK fBotkue–rD ftu T[; ;w/A s'A n~m (d'–S/) w?Apo j'Dr/. fBotkueK dh ;zfynk fBT[:koe
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