Page 161 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ftu 45, e?bhc'oBhnK ftu 32 ns/ fJfbBkfJ; ftu 27 s'A b? e/ B/tkv, vkbt/no, tow"N jo/e ftu 3–
3 jB. fBotkue–wzvb dk ekoi okPNgsh ns/ T[gokPNogsh u[DB d/ nbktk j'o e[M BjhA j?.
fBotkueK dh :'rsk –
fBotkueK dh :'rsk – e'Jh nfijk ftnesh, i' eKro; d/ d't/A ;dBK ftu' fe;/ d/ w?Apo j't/ ns/ ;z:[es
fBotkueK dh :'rsk –
fBotkueK dh :'rsk –
fBotkueK dh :'rsk –
oki d/ nXhB fe;/ bkG iK T[ZsodkfJst d/ gd T[s/ ezw eo fojk j't/ iK No~;N d/ gd s/ j'D, fBotkue
fB:[es BjhA j' ;edk.
wsdksk –
wsdksk – fBotkue Bz{ gqs~y o{g ftu wsdksktK d[nkok u[fDnk iKdk j?. wsdksktK d/ ;pzX ftu 1970
wsdksk –
wsdksk –
wsdksk –
JhH ftu ‘wsdkB nfXeko fBnw’ ftu ;zP'XB ehsk frnk. fJ;d/ g{ot 21 ;kb dh T[wo d/ jo Bo–
Bkoh Bz{ t'N d/D dk nfXeko gqkgs ;h, fezs{ j[D 18 ;kb dh T[wo d/ jo/e Bo–Bkoh Bz{ t'N dk nfXeko
gqdkB eo fdZsk frnk j?. d{ik gfotosD d/ nktk; dh ntXh Bkb ;zpzXs 1970 d/ g{ot nw/foek ftu
xZN s'A xZN 30 oki nfij/ ;B, fi~E/ T[jh ftnesh t'N d/ ;edk ;h i' x~N s'A x~N fJe ;kb oki ftu
brksko fojk j't/. fJj ;wK j[D 30 fdB eo fd~sh rJh j?. shik gfotosD fJj j'fJnk fe 1970 d/
;zP'XB d/ g{ot wsdksk Bz{ nkgDk Bkw gzihfeqs eotkT[D s'A g{ot fJe ;kyosk dh gohfynk d/Dh j[zdh
;h. j[D fJj gqshpzX jNk fd~sk frnk j?. nfijk gfotosD Bhrq' BkrfoeK Bz{ wskfXeko gqkgs eokT[D
d/ T[d/: s'A ehsk frnk. fJBQK ;zP'XBK d/ gfoDkw ;o{g 1972 d/ okPNogsh u'DK ftu 1 eo'V 10 bZy
gJ/ ftneshnK Bz{ t'N d/D dk nfXeko gqkgs j'fJnk.

wsdkB ns/ rDBk –
wsdkB ns/ rDBk – jo/e oki d/ fBotkue fJe fBPfus ;EkB T[s/ d;zpo d/ d{i/ p[~Xtko d/ pknd
wsdkB ns/ rDBk –
wsdkB ns/ rDBk –
wsdkB ns/ rDBk –
gfjbh ;'wtko Bz{ fJe~sq j 'e/ okPNoh d/ gd bJh d' T[whdtkoK d/ g~y ftu ws d/Dr/. wsdkB ftn;e
wskfXeko d/ nkXko T[s/ ns/ r[gs gofunK (Sectret Ballot) d[nkok j[zdk j?. fJBQK ftu x~N s'A x~N fJe
ftnesh nfijk j'Dk ukjhdk j? i' T[; oki dk fBtk;h Bk j't/. fBotkuB d/ cb;o{g fszzB gqwkD–g~so
(Certificate) fsnko ehs/ iKd/ jB, fi; ftu fv;fNqeN e'oN ftu ;[oZfyns ofjzdk j?, d{ik vke d[nkok
:hB/N d/ w[yh d/ e'b G/fink iKdk j? ns/ shik T[;d/ e'b fJe ftP/P ;zd/P–tkje (Messenger) d[nkok
G/i fd~sk iKdk j? 6 iBtoh Bz{ w[yh eKro; d/ d't/A ;dBK d/ ;kjwd/ T[BQK Bz{ y'bQ/rk ns/ T[BQK dh frDsh
eo/rk. okPNogsh ns/ T[gokPNogsh d'tK P/qDhnK d/ T[whdtkoK ftu fiBQK Bz{ ;G s'A fInkdk t'N gqkgs
j'Dr/, T[BQK Bz{ fBotkfus x'fPs ehsk ikJ/rk, gozs{ d'tK fBotkueK dh e[b ;zfynk dk pj[ws gqkgs j'Dk
ukjhdk. 20 iBtoh Bz{ okPNogsh PgE rqfjD eodk j?.
id fe;/ T[whdtko Bz{ ;gPN pj[ws BjhA fwbdk – ;zftXkB ftu okPNogsh d/ u'D d/ ;zpzX ftu e[M
j'o T[gbpX th jB. i/ fe;/ T[whdtko Bz{ ;gPN pj[ws gqkgs Bk j't/ sK eh j't/rk< ;zftXkB d/
nB[;ko fJ; ;fEsh ftu gqshfBXh ;Gk T[BQK gzi ftneshnK ftu'A (1804 JhH d/ ;zP'XB d/ nB[;ko
fszB ftneshnK ftu'A) fiBQK Bz{ fInkdk t'N gqkgs j'JhnK j'D, fe;/ fJe Bz{ okPNogsh fBotkfus eo/rh.
fJ~E/ fJj T[b/yBh j? fe gqshfBXh ;Gk d/ w?Apo ftneshrs o{g ftu wsdkB BjhA eoKr/, pbfe, “oki
d[nkok wsdkB” (Voting by States) j'J/rkl noEks ;ko/ gqshfBXh okiK d/ nkXko T[s/ nkgDh–
nkgDh wzvb pDkT[Dr/ ns/ jo/e wzvb Bz{ fJe–fJe t'N d/D dk nfXeko j'J/rk. fJ; gqeko (1) oki
d/ gqshfBXh nbr–nbr T[whdtkoK Bz{ t'N BjhA d/ ;ed/, (2) jo/e wzvb fJe jh ftnesh d/ gZy
ftu wsdkB eo/rk ns/ (3) jo/e oki Bz{ fJe jh t'N gqkgs j't/rk. d[ih ;fEsh sd g?dk j[zdh j?,
id d' ftneshnK Bz{ fBotkueK dk pj[ws gqkgs j't/, gozs{ d't/A gqkgs t'NK dh ;zfynk ;wkB j't/.
fJ; fdPk ftu th gqshfBXh ;Gk jh “oki d[nkok wsdkB” (Voting by State) dh g~Xsh ftu fe;/
fJe Bz{ okPNogsh fBotkfus eo/rh.
fJ;/ gqeko i/ fe; th T[whdtko Bz{ T[gokPNogsh gd d/ bJh ;gPN pj[ws gqkgs BjhA j' gkT[Adk sK ;G
s'A fInkdk t'N gqkgs eoB tkb/ d' T[whdtkoK ftu'A ;hB/N fe;/ fJe T[whdtko Bz{ u[D b?Adh j?. fJ; bJh
e'ow e[b ;hB/NoK dk d'–fsjkJh pj[ws ukjhdk j?. fJ; u'D ftu jo/e ;hB/No dh fJe t'N jz[dh j? ns/
fi; T[whdtko Bz{ fBogZy pj[s j' ikD, T[j T[gokPNogsh u[fDnk iKdk j?.
pkoQtK ;P'XB – w{b ;zftXkB d[nkok ftnt;fEs okPNogsh dh fBotkuB–g~Xsh d'Pg{oB ;h. pkoQt/A ;P'XB
pkoQtK ;P'XB –
pkoQtK ;P'XB –
pkoQtK ;P'XB –
pkoQtK ;P'XB –
gfjbk, i/ fe;/ th ftnesh Bz{ fBotkueK dk pj[ws gqkgs
gfjbk,
gfjbk,
(1840 JhH) d[nkok fJ; ftu d' ;[Xko fbnkJ/ rJ/. gfjbk,gfjbk,
Bk j't/ sK gqshfBXh ;Gk T[BQK fszBK ftneshnK ftu'A fiBQK Bz{ pj[ws gqkgs j'fJnk j't/, fe;/ fJe Bz{ okPNogsh
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