Page 157 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

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BØN fpqfNP T[dkotkdh b/ye okwi/ fwUo T[; ftuko Bkb ;fjws BjhA jB. T[BQK dh okJ/ ftu gqXkBwzsoh Bz{
nkw ftneshnK ftu gqEw efjDk ;otEk Gqw w{be j?l feT[Afe T[j nkgD/ ;fj:'rhnK Bz{ fB:[es eodk
ns/ gdfuT[s eodk j?. ftXh ftu BjhA, go ftntjko ftu T[j oki dk ekoiekoh gqXkB j?, fi;dh
PeshnK fJzBh ftnge jB fizBk fe ftPt ftu fe;/ th ;zftXkfBe Pk;e, fJE'A se fe nwfoeB
okPNogsh Bz{ gqkgs BjhA” wkob/ dh T[gwk s'A T[Zsw ;o ftfbnw jkoe'oN (Sir William Harcourt)
dk b?fNB tke ‘BeP~sqK d/ ftu uzdqwk’ j?. fezs{ fJj tke th gqXkBwzsoh ns/ wzsohnK d/ ftu mhe–mhe
;fEsh dk w[bKeD eoBk n;gPN j?. vkH i/fBr; dk efjDk j? fe “gqXkBwzsoh e/tb ;wkB Pq/Dh tkfbnK
ftu gqEw jh BjhA jB ns/ Bk e/tb jkoe'oN d/ PpdK ftu ‘f;skfonK d/ ftu uzdowk jh j?. T[j ;{oi
d/ ;wkB j? fi;d/ uko' soc rqfj x[zwd/ jB.” i/fBzr; dk eEB pj[s ;jh j? tk;st ftu gqXkBwzsoh ;{oi
j? fi;d/ uko'A soc wzsoh o{gh T[grqfj uZeo eZNd/ jB.
gozs{ fJ;dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe gqXkBwzsoh skBkPkj j' ;edk j?. Gkt/A T[j wzsohnK Bz{ fB:[es eodk
ns/ Pk;B ftu ;EkB fdzdk j? fco th T[;d/ gqsh BjhA, T[j ;z;d d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh j?. T[;d/ Bkb
nfXBkfJe dh soQK ftntjko BjhA eo ;edk j?, pbfe T[j T[BQK Bz{ nkgD/ Bkb b? e/ ubdk j?. gqXkBwzsoh
T[;d/ ftukoK dh T[g/ePk BjhA eo ;edk ns/ Bk T[; Bkb ;tkwh dh soQK rZbpks eo ;edk j?. ckJhBo
dk efjDk j? fe “fJj wzBdk jh gJ/rk fe gqXkBwzsoh e'Jh ;hio BjhA j? ns/ Bk ;kEh nfijk j? fi;Bz{
u[D'sh BjhA fdZsh ik ;e/. T[;dk ftuko th nB[bxBh j?. T[;dh ;~sk dk fJe wkso nkXko fJj j? fe
T[j okPNo dh fezBh ;/tk eo ;edk j?. fe;/ th ;w/A T[;dk fto'Xh T[;dk ;EkB rqfjD eo ;edk j?.”
T[;dh gqfsPmk dk nkXko T[;d/ db dk ;woEB j?. bk;eh B/ mhe jh fejk j? fe “db ;zrmB d/ gq;zr
ftu T[;dh Pesh T[;d/ gqGkt T[s/ nkXkos j?. ;koKP ftu, gqXkBwzsoh fe;/ ;fj:'rh Bz{ fttP eoe/ BjhA
pbfe ;wMk p[Mk e/ nkgD/ ftukoK Bz{ wzBtk ;edk j?. T[;dh Pesh nB[Pk;fBe (disciplined) d/ Bkb–
Bkb B?fse (ethical) th j?. ;' T[; Bz{ ;fj:'rhnK d/ gqsh fXqPN, em'o, ne[Pb ns/ nfBnKg{oB BjhA
j'Dk ukjhdk BjhA s/ db dh J/esk Bz{ X~ek gj[zu/rk s/ cb;to{g T[;dk GftZy th nzXekown j' ikJ/rk.
) db dk B/sk L
) db dk B/sk L
) db dk B/sk L
( ( ( ( (ii) db dk B/sk L) db dk B/sk L Pk;B dk gqXkB j'D d/ nbktk gqXkBwzsoh pj[ws db dk B/sk (Party Leader) j[zdk
j?. d/P ftu T[;dh ;otT[Zu Pesh dk tzvk oki j? fe T[j fiZs/ j'J/ db dk B/sk j[zdk j?. db B/sk j'D
d/ Bks/ jh T[j Pk;B dk gqXkB j' gkT[Adk j?. fJ; ;fEsh ftu T[;dk ftneshst ;kotifBe o{g b? b?Adk
j?. o/vhU, ekoN{B, gq?; nkfd d[nkok iBsk d/ ;Bw[y T[;d/ fto[ZX T[Arbh u[eDk d/ Bkb ftPtk;xks
wzfBnk iKdk j?. T[j db dh J/esk dk gqw[Zy ;szG j?. gqXkBwzsoh d/ GftZy d/ Bkb d/ dk GftZy pzfBQnk
ofjzdk j? . nkw u'DK (General Election) T[;/ d/ ftneshst Bz{ e/Ado pDk e/ bfVnk iKdk j?. fJ;bJh
fJj efjDk mhe jh j? fe nkw u'DK jh gqXkBwzsohnK d/ ftu iBws ;zraqfj (Plebiscite) j?. rb?v;N'B
B/ 1857 JhH d/ nkw fBotkuB d/ T[s/ gqekP gkT[Ad/ j'J/ fejk ;h fe fJj 1874 JhH tork nkw fBotkuB
BjhA j?, idfe fiN B/ d/P Bz{ nghb ehsh ;h eh eqkT{B Bz{ nbgws tkb/ Pk;B dk dk; ofjDk ukjhdk
j?< Bk fJj fBotkuB 1831 JhH d/ fBotkuB dh soQK j? id fe ;[XkoK d/ T[Zs/ iBws wzfrnk ;h, Bk fJj
fBotkuB 1882 JhH tork j? idfe fBotkuB–tgko ;ozfynB d/ nkXko T[s/ bfVnk frnk ;h. d/P Bz{
fJ; (1857 JhH) nkw u'D ftu Bhsh d/ pko/ ftu s? eoBk BjhA ;h, pbfe e/tb fJj s?n eoBk ;h fe
d/P gkw;NoB Bz{ gqXkBwzsoh u[D/rk iK BjhA. 1880 JhH d/ nkw u'DK ftu s?n eoBk ;h fe d/P bkov
p/ez;chbv Bz[{ gqXkBwzsoh pDkT[Dk ukj[zdk ;h iK rb?v;N'B Bz{. 1945 JhH d/ nkw u'DK ftu nB[dko B/ BjhA
pbfe uofub B/ ftneshrs o{g ftu d/P Bz{ nghb ehsh. jo/e jkb ftu gqXkBwzsoh dh s;tho Nzr
fdZsh rJh ;h fi;d/ E~b/ fJj Ppd fby/ ;B “fJ;Bz{ :[~X dk nX{ok ezw eoB d'” ns/ T[;d/ E~b/ S'N/ nZyoK
ftu j/m fby/ nz;rs Ppd i[V/ j'J/ ;h “:[~XifBn B[e;kB Bz{ t'N d'.” nB[dko db B/ u"D x'PDk–gZso
th gqekPs BjhA eokfJnk, fezs{ uofub B/ nkgDk u'D x'PDk–gZso gqekPs eokfJnk, i' “w?A” Ppd s'A
nkozG j[zdk ;h. fBotkuB dk Bkok ;hl “uofub iK bk;eh” fi; ftu bkw;eh Bz{ ftP/P o{g ftu P?skB
dZf;nk frnk ;h. 1983 d/ fJfsjk;e nkw u'DK dk w[Zy w[Zdk “E?uotkd pBkw ;wkitkd” (Thatcherirsm
vs. Socialism) ;h. nB[dko db dh gqfsnkfPe fi~s dk w[Zy ekoB E?uo dk “b'j wfjbk” (Iron Lady)
dk ftneshst ns/ “fpqfNP ;[oZfynk d/ yso/ dk ;kwQDk eoB dh fJZSk ns/ skes (The will and the
capacity to meet threats to British Security) ;h.” wid{o db dh jko dk fJe w[Zy ekoD db d/

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