Page 155 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN PeshnK d/ ;q's L
PeshnK d/ ;q's L T[;dh PeshnK d/ w[~y s"o s/ d' ;q's jB – ftXh ns/ ftfis db d/ B/sk dh ;fEsh.
PeshnK d/ ;q's L
PeshnK d/ ;q's L
PeshnK d/ ;q's L
fgSbh PskpdhnK ftu ;wokN Pk;B dk tk;sfte nfXekoh ;h, gozs{ ;w/A phsD d/ Bkb T[;dh PeshnK
eqkT{B Bz{ j;sKsfos j' rJhnK ns/ T[BQK Bz{ o{VhnK d/ o{g ftu b? fbnk. eqkT{B d/ nzsors PeshnK dk
tk;sfte gq:'reosk wzsohwzvb ns/ T[;dk gqXkBwzsoh j?. fJ; gqeko gqXkBwzsoh ;wokN d/ ;EkB T[s/
d/P dk tk;sfte Pk;e pD frnk j?. T[;dh PeshnK dk gqwZy nkXko dbrs okiBhsh dk ftek; j?.
T[j pj[ws db d/ B/sk d/ o{g ftu gqXkBwzsoh ofjzdk j?. id se b'e;Gk ftu T[;d/ db dk pj[ws j?,
T[j fpBk fe;/ fBnzsoD d/ Pk;B eodk j?. gqXkBwzsoh d/ Bkb g{o/ db dk ;[Gkr pzfBQnk ofjzdk j?, fJ;
bJh db d/ w?ApoK dk g{oB ;woEB gqkgs j[zdk j?. T[;dh PeshnK d/ fJe j'o ;q's dk th T[b/y ehsk ik
;edk j?. nZi eb nkw iBsk ;z;d Bz{ Pe dh BIo Bkb d/yD brh j? fe T[j ftP/P fjsK dk gqshfBXh
j? idfe gqXkBwzsoh nkw fjsK dk oZfyne j?. gqXkBwzsoh dh ;fEsh db–;zrmB d/ cb;to{g fJzBh fdqV
j[zdh j? fe T[j ftneshrs ns/ torh fjsK s'A x~N gqGkfts j[zdk j? ns/ ;ko/ iBsk d/ fjsK Bz{ ;wMkT[D
ns/ ;[bMkT[D dk isB eodk j?. ;' nkw iBsk nrtkJh d/ bJh gqXkBwzsoh dh soc NeNeh brk e/ ofjzdh
j?. iBsk dk ;woEB gqXkBwzsoh Bz{ pj[s PeshPkbh pDk fdzdh j?.
) wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD, ihtB ns/ woD dk e/Ado–;Eb L
) wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD, ihtB ns/ woD dk e/Ado–;Eb L
) wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD, ihtB ns/ woD dk e/Ado–;Eb L
( ( ( ( (i) wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD, ihtB ns/ woD dk e/Ado–;Eb L gqXkBwzsoh wzsohwzvb d/ fBowkD,
) wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD, ihtB ns/ woD dk e/Ado–;Eb L
ihtB ns/ fwqs{ dk e/Ado (Centre of Formation, Life and Death) j?. gqXkBwzsoh gd dh tkrv'o
;zGkbD d/ pknd T[;dk eosZt j[zdk j? wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD eoBk. N/eBheb o{g Bkb j'o wzsohnK dh
fB:[esh oki d/ gqXkB noEks ;wokN d[nkok j[zdh j?, gozs{ nB"gukfoe o{g Bkb gqXkBwzsoh jh T[BQK Bz{
fB:[es eodk j?, feT[Afe T[;dh ;bkj T[s/ ;wokN T[BQK Bz{ wzsohwzvb ftu Pkwb eodk j?. ;kXkoD s"o
s/ ;wokN gqXkBwzsoh d[nkok wzsohgfoPd d/ w?ApoK dh ;uh fpBk fjue ;thfeqs eo b?Adk j?. noE fJj
j? fe gqXkBwzsoh wzsohwzvb d/ fBowkD ftu pj[s e[M ;[szso j?, go gqXkBwzsoh d/ j~E th e[M ftntjkfoe
gqshpzXK Bkb pzBQ/ j'J/ jB, T[; Bz{ fJj d/yDk g?Adk j? fe T[;d/ db d/ gqw[Zy w?Apo T[BQK d/ wzsohwzvb ftu
nk ikD. edh–edh sK T[;Bz{ nfij/ ftneshnK Bz{ wzsohwzvb ftu oyDk g?Adk j?. fiBQK Bz{ T[j BjhA ukj[zdk
ns/ fiBQK Bz{ BjhA oyD Bkb T[j ;zeN ftu g? ;edk j?. fJ;d/ nbktk T[; Bz{ ftfGzB torK, ftfGzB XowK,
ftfGzB G"r'fbe y/soK, Bt:[te okiBhfsfrnK nkfd d/ gqshfBXhst Bz{ fXnkB ftu oyDk g?Adk j?. fJzBk
jh BjhA, db iK ;z;d d/ pkjo d/ ftnesh Bz{ th T[j wzsohwzvb ftu ;EkB d/ ;edk j?, i/ T[; Bz{ fe;/
ezw d/ bJh :'r ;wM/. T[dkjoD ;o{g, 1903 JhH ftu pkbco (Balfour) B/ T[gfBt/P wzsohst bkov
fwbBo (Lord Milner) Bz{ T[; ;w/A d/ fdZsk id fe T[j d~yDh ncqhek ftu T[Zuk:[es ;h ns/ idfe T[;Bz{
fpbe[b ;z;dh nB[Gt BjhA ;h. w?ev'Bbv (Macdonald) B/ ;zB 1942 JhH ftu fe;/ th db s'A n;zpX
Gkos d/ ntekP–gqkgs tkfJ;okJ/ bkov u/w;c'ov (Lord Chelmsford) Bz{ B";?fBe wzsoh dh gdth
fdZsh. 1924 JhH ftu nB[dkotkdhnK d/ fto'X d/ pkti{d pkbvftB B/ uofub Bz{ ftZs wzsoh fB:[es
ehsk. fJ; gqeko fJj gqXkBwzsoh jh fBoD/ eodk j? fe wzsohwzvb ftu fezB/ wzsoh j'D ns/ T[; ftu
e"D–e"D wzsoh fbZs/ ikD. tk;st ftu Pk;B d/ fBowkD ftu gqXkBwzsoh Bz{ g{oh S[ZN ofjzdh j?. “fJ;
;zpzX ftu Bk sK ;z;d Bk dbhJ/ ekoigkfbek B/ jh T[;d/ T[Zgo dpkn gkfJnk j?.”

gqXkBwzsoh e/tb wzsohwzvb dk fBowkD jh BjhA eodk j?, pbfe T[; Bz{ ihtB fdzdk j? ns/ rsh gqdkB
eodk j?. wzsohnK d/ ftZu ftGkrK dk ftsoD gqXkBwzsoh jh eodk j? i/ e'Jh nB[Gth okiBhfse ukj/ sK
fe;/ ftGkr Bzz{ n;thfeqs th eo ;edk j?, pPos/ fe T[; db ftu T[;Bz{ fJzBk ;woED gqkgs j't/ fe Pk;B
Bz{ T[;dh ;/tktk nfsnzs io{oh j'D ns/ db d/ bJh th nfij/ ftnesh s'A tzfus j'Dk p[ZXhwkBh Bk
j't/. ;kXkoD s"o s/ ftGkrK d/ ftsoD d/ ;zpzX ftu gqXkBwzsoh dk fBod/ nzfsw j[zdk j?. gd dh
n;thfeqsh dk noE j' ;edk j?, f;oc T[; ;z;d ekb d/ bJh jh BjhA pbfe ;dk d/ bJh Pk;B nfXeko
s'A tzfus ofjDk. ;o okpoN jkB tor/ ;cb ftZs wzsoh B/ id pkbvftB d[nkok fds/ rJ/ ow–wzsokfbnk
dk gqXkB pDBk n;theko eo fdZsk s/ GftZy ftu fco edh fe;/ gd d/ bJh T[BQK d/ Bkw T[s/ ftuko
jh BjhA ehsk frnk. fJzBK jh BjhA, gqXkBwzsoh fJj th d/ydk j? fe jo/e wzsoh dh d/y–o/y ftu ;G
ftGkr mhe s'A ekoi eo oj/ jB, iK BjhA, ;ko/ gqPk;B dk w[yhnk j'D d/ Bks/ T[j ;ko/ ftGkrK dk fBohyD
eodk j?. fJ;d/ nbktk gqXkBwzsoh wzsohwzvb dh p?meK dk ;Gkgfsst eodk j?. T[j wzsohwzvb dhnK
;kohnK ekotkjhnK dk ;zukbB eodk j?. wzsohwzvb dh ekoiftXh (Agenda) T[s/ T[;dk fBnzsqD j[zdk

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