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fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJe pj[okPNoh oki j?, gozs{ okPNohnsk Bz{ gqshfBXhst gqdkB eoB d/ bJh d{i/ ;dB dh ftnt;Ek BjhA BØN
ehsh rJh j?.
w?Apo–
w?Apo–
w?Apo–
w?Apo–Bt/A ;zftXkB ftu okPNoh iBeKro; d/ w?ApoK dh ;zfynk fBPfus BjhA ehsh rJh j?. fJ;d/ w?ApoK
w?Apo–
dh ;zfynk ekBz{B d[nkok fBPfus ehsh iKdh j?. 1954 JhH d/ ;zftXkB ftu th nfijh ftnt;Ek ;h.
6 i{B, 1983) ftu w?ApoK dh ;zfynk 2,978 ;h. fJ;d/ w?ApoK dk fBotkuB gqKsK,
S/thA okPNoh eKro; (6 i{B, 19836 i{B, 1983
6 i{B, 1983
6 i{B, 1983
;tkfJsPk;h y/soK, e/Ado Pkf;s Bro gkfbektK ns/ iBw[esh ;?Bk (People's Liberation Army) d/
d[nkok j[zdk j?. fJj 56 okPNo ikshnK dk gqshfBXhst eodh j?. fJ; ftu 75 gqshPs gqshfBXh wid{o,
fe;kB ns/ ;?fBe jB.
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D – 1975 JhH
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D – 1975 JhH d/ ;zftXkB d/ nB[;ko iBeKro; d/ gqshfBXhnK dh u'D ;kotifBe
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D – 1975 JhH
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D – 1975 JhH
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D – 1975 JhH
ns/ ftn;e wskfXeko (Universal and Audit Frenchise) d/ nkXko T[s/ j[zdk ;h. uhB d/ ;ko/
Bkrfoe, i' 18 ;kb dh T[wo gqkgs eo u[e/ jB. ns/ i' gkrb ns/ fe;h e'oN d[nkok dzfvs BjhA j'D
ns/ fe;/ j'o ekoDtP wskfXeko s'A tzfus Bk j'D, gqshfBXh gdK d/ bJh T[whdtko d/ o{g ftu yVk j'
;ed/ jB. fJ; ;zpzX ftu iksh, Xow fbzr, f;fynk, ;wkfie ;fEsh s/ j'o fe;/ nkXko s/ G/d BjhA ehsk
iKdk ;h. Bt/A ;zftXkB (1982 JhH) ftu g[okDh u'D–g~XshnK Bz{ ;wkgs eo fdZsk frnk j?. j[D
gqshfBXhnK dh u'D b'esKsfoe ;bkj (democratic consultation) d/ d[nkok j[zdk j?. fi; soQK Bkb dbhJ/
eKro; d/ gqshfBXhnK dh u'D ehsh iKdh j?. T[;/ soQK jh e/Ado okPNoh iBeKro; d/ gqshfBXhnK
Bz{ e/Adoh ns/ ;EkBe nfXekohnK dh ;bkj Bkb wB'Bhs eodk j?. fBotkfus j'D d/ bJh db dk w?Apo
j'Dk ns/ wkU d/ okiBhfse ns/ eqKshekoh nkdoPK dk wzBDk io{oh j?. fJ; gqeko, uhB ftu ftntjkfoe
o{g ftu u'D dk noE j?, nfij/ T[whdtkoK dh e/Adoh ;~sk d[nkok fB:[esh i' wkU ns/ T[;d/ nB[:kJhnK
d/ db d/ gqsh nkfrnkekoh j'D. nkw iBsk efjD d/ bJh sK b'esKsfoe ;bkj ns/ tkd–fttkd ftu fjZ;k
b?Adh j? gozs{ tk;sftesk fJj j? fe gqshfBXhnK dh u'D Bkb T[;dk e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ofjzdk. fJjh ekoB
j? fe u"Eh okPNoh iBeKro; ftu wid{oK, fe;kBK ns/ ;?fBeK d/ gqshfBXhnK dk pj[ws ;h. nkw iBsk
d[nkok u'D d/ ;EkB s/ gqshfBXhnK dh BkwIdrh d/ sohe/ Bz{ ngDkJ/ ikD dk w[y ekoB fJj ;h fe wkU
dh BhshnK d/ fto'XhnK Bz{ iBeKro; ftu e'Jh ;EkB BjhA fwb ;e/. ;zftXkB d/ nB[S/d 16 ftu
ftP/P okPNotkdh ftneshnK Bz{ gqshfBXh d/ o{g ftu nkwzfsqs eoB dh ftnt;Ek eo u'D d/ wj~st Bz{
j'o th ;wkgs eo fd~sk frnk j?. fJ; ftnt;Ek d/ nB[;ko okPNoh iBeKro; ftu e/tb fBotkfus
gqshfBXhnK Bz{ jh BjhA, pbfe d/PGrs ftneshnK Bz{ th Pkwb ehsk iKdk j?.
ekoiekb
ekoiekb
ekoiekb
ekoiekb
ekoiekb (Term) – – – – – g[okD/ ;zftXkB d/ nB[;ko okPNoh iBeKro; dk nfXt/PB ;kb ftu fJe tko j[zdk
;h fe;/ ftP/P gfo;fEshtP ;w/A s/ fBotkuB BjhA j' ;eD d/ ekoD iB–eKro; dh ekoiftXh Bz{ T[;
;w/A se tXkfJnk ik ;edk ;h, id se fe BthA eKro; dk gfjbk ;so nkozG Bk j't/. Bt/A ;zftXkB
(1982) d/ nB[;ko okPNoh iB–eKro; dk ekoiekb 5 ;kb eo fdZsk frnk j?. ftP/P gfo;EhshnK ftu
T[;d/ ekoiekb B{z tXkfJnk th ik ;edk j?.
nfXt/PB
nfXt/PB
nfXt/PB
nfXt/PB (Session) 1954 d/ ;zftXkB d/ nB[;ko okPNoh iB–eKro; dk nfXt/PB ;kb ftu fJe tko
nfXt/PB
j[zdk ;h. p?me ;EkJh ;whsh d[nkok p[bkJh iKdk ;h e[b ;zfynk d/ 1$5 gqshfBXhnK dh wzr T[s/ th p?me
p[bkJh ik ;edh ;h. Bt/A nfXt/PB (1982) ftu th nfXt/PB d/ ;zpzX ftu brGr fJjh ftnt;Ek oyh
rJh j?. nB[S/d 18 d/ nzsors ;EkJh ;whsh Bz{ iBeKro; dh p?me p[bkT[D dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j? gozs{
;ukJh fJj j? fe ;kbK se fJ;dk nfXt/PB fJe tko th BjhA p[bkfJnk frnk. 1964–65 d/ nfXt/PB d pknd
/
iBtoh 1975 JhH ftu jh okPNoh iBeKro; dk u"Ek nfXt/PB p[bkfJnk frnk. 1975 JhH d/ wjkB
;K;feqse eqKsh d/ cb;o{g gfo;fEshnK nB[e{b j'D d/ pknd okPNoh iB–eKro; dk nfXt/PB p[bkfJnk
frnk i' 13 iBtoh s'A 17 iBtoh, 1975 se ufbnk. S/thA eKro; dk nfXt/PB f;oc 12 fdBK (6
s'A 17 i{B) 1983 se ufbnk. fJj ftP/P o{g Bkb T[b/yBh j? fe uhB dh okPNoh iB–eKro; dk
nfXt/PB pj[s jh ;zfygs fojk j?. 10 ;kbK d/ pknd p?me p[bkT[D T[s/ th f;oc gzi fdBK se
jh fJ;dk nfXt/PB ufbnk. fJ;d/ gfjbK th i' nfXt/PB j'J/ ;B, f;oc 12 fdBK s'A 26 fdBK d/ ;B.
okPNoh iB–eKro; dh fJe j'o ftP/Psk j?, T[;dh r'gBhnsk. uhB d/ B/sktK B/ okPNoh iB eKro;
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